Pickle-free chrome tanning using a polymeric synthetic tanning agent for cleaner leather processing

Rao, Jonnalagadda Raghava; Kanthimathi, M.S.; Thanikaivelan, P.; Sreeram, Kalarical Janardhanan; Ramesh, R.; Ramalingam, Sathya; Chandrababu, N. K.; Nair, Balachandran Unni; Ramasami, T.

doi:10.1007/s10098-003-0240-9

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Polyacrylate (PA), one of the most common chemical families of polymers, can be easily prepared through the traditional free radical polymerization [6]. Some previous work has found that acrylate monomers or prepolymers could be polymerized in pickled goat skins [7,8], chrome-tanned sheep skin leather [9][10][11], chrome-tanned cattle hide leather [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], and chrome-tanned kangaroo skin leather [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. All these studies focused on the retanning and filling effects of the polymerization for top-layer leathers which already had tight weave of collagen fibers and satisfactory mechanical properties; nevertheless, the influences of polymerization on leather strengths were not sufficiently concerned and investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Leather Split by In Situ Polymerization of Acrylates

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Leather split, the byproduct of leather manufacture, possesses low utility value because it has loose weave of collagen fibers and weak mechanical strengths. Herein, a practical and convenient method for increasing strengths of leather split was developed by one-step in situ polymerization. The structures and properties of polyacrylate/leather split composites were systematically investigated. The results suggested the monomers with an α-methyl and a proper straight-chain ester group, such as nBMA, can effectively modify the leather split. For leather split with a thickness of 1.6 mm, the rational processes for preparation of polyacrylate/leather split composite are that monomer and split were stirred in a drum for 4 hours for full permeation and then the split was heated in anaerobic condition at 45°C for 30 min. The tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break of the optimized PnBMA/split composite were 18.72 MPa, 62.73 N/mm, and 46.02%, respectively. With these mechanical properties, the split after modification can be well used as leather for making shoes, bags, gloves, and clothing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Leather Split by In Situ Polymerization of Acrylates

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…Application of this syntan increases chromium uptake to the level of more than 90%. This system also reduces COD, TDS, chlorides in the tanning process to the level of 50, 80, 90% respectively (Rao et al, 2004).…”

Section: Shrinkage Temperature Of the Tanned Leathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable chrome tanning system using protein-based product developed from leather waste: wealth from waste

2022

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Chrome tanning is one of the popular tanning methods followed globally that generates considerable level of chromium pollution in the resulting e uent. The existing conventional chrome tanning system has to be modi ed to increase the exhaustion level of chromium in the tanning process. In the present investigation, a protein based product has been developed from raw trimming wastes and applied in chrome tanning process to enhance the exhaustion level of chromium. The experiment conducted using the product at the level of 6% exhibited chromium exhaustion at the level of 93% in the process. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of peaks for various functional groups namely carboxylic acids, aldehyde, amide and hydroxyl groups for the high exhaust chrome tanning. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental leather was found to be more than 100 o C. Results of microscopic studies from SEM-EDX revealed that enhanced adsorption of chromium up to a level of 5.24 weight % containing chromium with atomic % 1.27 in the sample of 6% co-polymer. AFM images also show increase in adsorption of chromium with increased amount of co-polymer in the solution. Increased interactions between active sites of collagen-complex and chromium resulted into improved exhaustion of chromium as revealed from higher intensities of XRD images. CD spectra revealed that the addition of protein based product increased the ellipticity of the collagen in the experimental sample as compared to control sample. The crust leather showed improved colour, organoleptic and comparable strength properties of the experimental leather.

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“…The search for cleaner chromium tanning has included saltfree pickling techniques, 14 high exhaust chromium tanning, 15 exhaust aids, 16 chromium management strategies, 4,17 based chromium tanning, 18,19 supercritical mediated chromium tanning, 20 and ultrasound accelerated chromium tanning process. 21 However, all aforesaid techniques could not address the generation of chromium containing leather solid waste during thickness adjustment.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melamine-Based Polymeric Crosslinker for Cleaner Leather Production

et al. 2021

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To augment sustainable tanning, less chrome input, high functional quality leather processed via no restricted substance in processing, and ease to treat the inevitable protein waste generated are the key challenge, and currently, they have become the active part of leather research. Our work covers the synthesis of a formaldehyde-free chromium-incorporated polymeric tanning agent (FF-CIPTA) and its application in a reformed leather processing route which ensures near zero discharge of chromium containing solid waste. The preliminary characterization of FF-CIPTA reveals that the developed product is stable up to pH 5.2, and the particle size distribution ranges from 955 to 1450 nm with 12% Cr2O3 content. The present work significantly reduces the tanning agent input without compromising the thermal stability (103 °C) of the leather because of its multicrosslinking nature. Since the product exhibits a polymeric character, it provides tanning-cum-filling action which in turn reduces the retanning agent consumption in subsequent processes. Scanning electron microscopic study, porosity analysis, and hand assessment results clearly indicate the significant improvement in organoleptic properties. In addition, the process also enjoys the benefits of zero chromium containing solid waste generation, 71.4% reduction in chromium input, and high chromium transfer efficiency (92%) than the conventional process (36%), and 74.4% reduction in total dissolved solids generation. Furthermore, the water consumption and chemical input are reduced by 51.6 and 17%, respectively. Reduction in wastewater treatment cost and a high economic value of chromium-free leather scraps leads to a cumulative gain of US$ 39.84 per ton of raw material processing. Overall, a potential and practical applicability for cleaner and sustainable tanning is well established.

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Pickle-free chrome tanning using a polymeric synthetic tanning agent for cleaner leather processing

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Modification of Leather Split by In Situ Polymerization of Acrylates

Modification of Leather Split by In Situ Polymerization of Acrylates

Sustainable chrome tanning system using protein-based product developed from leather waste: wealth from waste

Melamine-Based Polymeric Crosslinker for Cleaner Leather Production

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