Pico-hydro Electrification from Rainwater’s Gravitational Force for Urban Area

Rais

Rahman

et al. 2021

ARFMTS

The purpose of this research is to investigate the dominant parameters that influence the optimum performance of reaction typed turbine at very low water head. The concepts of conservation of mass, momentum and energy are utilised to explore performance characteristics using a graphical technique. Parametric analysis of the governing equation and experimental results were performed to show that the turbine diameter and nozzle exit area has a dynamic response to mass flow rate, angular speed, output power and efficiency. Depending on the nozzle diameter of (0.01 m, 0.006 m, and 0.008 m) and turbine pipe size with (diameter of 0.025 m and 0.015 m), six versions of prototype turbine Z-blade turbine were produced. All the turbines have been tested at 100 kPa static water pressures and below. According to a variety of experimental data for all types of turbines, the turbine diameter and nozzle exit area have a substantial impact on turbine performance, especially at high water heads. Despite differences in turbine length and nozzle exit area, more than 90 % of the pattern curves for rotational speed, water flow rate, and mechanical power were identical. Overall, the Z-blade turbine Type B outperforms, resulting in higher turbine efficiency at low head and low flow water condition.

Section: Water Test Rigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Reaction Typed Water Turbine in Very Low Head Water Resources for Pico Hydro

Rais

Rahman

et al. 2021

ARFMTS

“…In reaction turbine, liquid is pressurised, and it flows through the guiding mechanism to rotate the moving blades or moving nozzle [6][7][8]. As the water glides through the moving blades, pressure is reduced, and the velocity of the water stream relative to the moving parts is increased [9][10][11]. The pressure not only comes from the potential energy but also from the centrifugal head attributed to the self-pumping effect during turbine rotation [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under real operating conditions, energy loss is associated with the flow of water through the Z-Blade turbine [1,10,18]. This paper discusses in detail the factor that would represent the loss of fluid frictional energy associated with the fluid flow through the Z-Blade turbine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Z-Blade Reaction Type Turbine for Low-Head Low Flowrate Pico Hydro

Hassan

Rais

et al. 2021

ARFMTS

The study explores the performance characteristics of a Z-Blade reaction type water turbine and investigates a test unit for an ideal and practical case using the governing equations derived from the principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Various analyses are conducted with consideration of the ideal and possible operating condition for low-head (3 m to 5 m) and low-flow (2.5 L/sec and below) water resources. The relationship of the fluid flow friction known as k-factor with mass flow rate and angular velocity for a Z-Blade turbine model is discussed. The measured performance of two PVC pipe sizes (0.5 inch and 1 inch) of a Z-Blade turbine is presented and evaluated against theoretical results. This work also describes the simple concept of a Z-Blade turbine for a pico-hydro application. A large variation in k-factor with a 1% difference in rotational speed and mass flow rate is presented. The coefficient k-factor is also demonstrated as a strong parameter influencing the mass flow rate and rotational speed performance. This coefficient also has a significant impact on the conversion of potential energy into power output.

Investigation on rotor jet interference in a hydraulic reaction turbine for low head low flow water conditions

Energy Harvesting and Systems

2021

The focus of this paper is to investigate the issue of water jet interference, which is a common flaw in simple reaction turbines. When the turbine’s wall crosses the water jet coming from another nozzle, this is known as jet interference. The governing equations are also used to analyse the Z-Blade simple water reaction turbine for an ideal and practical example, based on the principles of mass-, impulses and energy conservation. Various evaluations of real and potential operating losses for low-head (3–5 m) and low-flow (3 L/s and below) water resources have been conducted. According to experimental data, the Z-Blade turbine Type B achieves the maximum rotational speeds at 450 rpm, followed by Type A at 400 rpm and Type C at 300 rpm. By performing parametric analysis via governing equations, the calculated non-interference speed is approximately twice that of the turbine’s maximum speed. Furthermore, as the turbine reaches its maximum rotational speed at the optimal length diameter, the turbine speed decreases without interference from the jet nozzle rotor. This resembles a phenomenon of non-interference rotor jet on Z-Blade turbine.