Picosecond electrical switching of single-gate metal nanotip arrays

Tsujino, S.; Paraliev, M.

doi:10.1116/1.4838295

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Figure 2a shows the field emission characteristics between the current I detected at a counter electrode (anode) and the electron extraction potential V ge applied between G ex and emitters E . This relationship was measured in the DC gun test setup740, shown in Fig. 3a, with the nominal background pressure <5 × 10 −9 mbar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…4, we show the cathode image at L =0 for 40 keV beam energy, as detected by reducing the solenoid current by 10% from the focussing condition. The granular pattern, that is typical for FEAs without neon gas conditioning745, indicated that not all emitters were active. The effect of the beam collimation was visible as the narrowing of the beamlet spots by increasing k col from 0 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molybdenum emitter array was supported on a 300-μm-thick electro-plated nickel substrate with the resistivity well below 0.1 mΩ cm. Therefore, different from Si FEAs or Spindt-type FEAs fabricated on silicon substrates, the resistive voltage drop between emitters or in the substrate at finite emission current is negligible and the RC constant of the tip is in picosecond range (limited by the resistance of the gate layers) allowing for the sub-nanosecond direct switching by gate pulses independently from the acceleration567.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sources are distinct from thermionic emitters requiring heating current or photocathodes demanding ultraviolet-laser excitation in that they are efficient and enable fast switching of electron emission using single-gate FEAs by applying electrical potential to an integrated electron extraction gate electrode ( G ex ) on the order of 100 V. Short electron bunch generation with the duration down to 200 ps was demonstrated solely by gate potential switching in an electron gun, with the acceleration electric field reaching tens of MV m −1 (refs 5, 6, 7). Even faster switching of the electron emission, down to ps to fs, has been studied via the field emission of electrons excited by near-infrared ultrafast lasers8910.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We adopt two experimental methods. First, we characterize the beam parameters of the double-gate FEA beam with a direct current (DC) gun test setup740 and evaluate the transverse emittance. Second, we apply our double-gate FEA for the measurement of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) using a suspended graphene film as the sample and measure the transverse coherence length, which is used to evaluate the transverse emittance.…”

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Measurement of transverse emittance and coherence of double-gate field emitter array cathodes

et al. 2016

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Achieving small transverse beam emittance is important for high brightness cathodes for free electron lasers and electron diffraction and imaging experiments. Double-gate field emitter arrays with on-chip focussing electrode, operating with electrical switching or near infrared laser excitation, have been studied as cathodes that are competitive with photocathodes excited by ultraviolet lasers, but the experimental demonstration of the low emittance has been elusive. Here we demonstrate this for a field emitter array with an optimized double-gate structure by directly measuring the beam characteristics. Further we show the successful application of the double-gate field emitter array to observe the low-energy electron beam diffraction from suspended graphene in minimal setup. The observed low emittance and long coherence length are in good agreement with theory. These results demonstrate that our all-metal double-gate field emitters are highly promising for applications that demand extremely low-electron bunch-phase space volume and large transverse coherence.

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confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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Measurement of transverse emittance and coherence of double-gate field emitter array cathodes

et al. 2016

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Space‐Time Wave Packets from Smith‐Purcell Radiation

et al. 2021

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Space-time wave packets are electromagnetic waves with strong correlations between their spatial and temporal degrees of freedom. These wave packets have gained much attention for fundamental properties like propagation invariance and user-designed group velocities, and for potential applications like optical microscopy, micromanipulation, and laser micromachining. Here, free-electron radiation is presented as a natural and versatile source of space-time wave packets that are ultra-broadband and highly tunable in frequency. For instance, ab initio theory and numerical simulations show that the intensity profile of space-time wave packets from Smith-Purcell radiation can be directly tailored through the grating properties, as well as the velocity and shape of the electron bunches. The result of this work indicates a viable way of generating space-time wave packets at exotic frequencies such as the terahertz and X-ray regimes, potentially paving the way toward new methods of shaping electromagnetic wave packets through free-electron radiation.

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Microwave emission from lead zirconate titanate induced by impulsive mechanical load

Aman

Majcherek

Hirsch

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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This paper focuses on microwave emission from Lead zirconate titanate Pb [ZrxTi1−x] O3 (PZT) induced by mechanical stressing. The mechanical stress was initiated by impact of a sharp tungsten indenter on the upper surface of PZT ceramic. The sequences of microwave and current impulses, which flew from indenter to electric ground, were detected simultaneously. The voltage between the upper and lower surface of ceramic was measured to obtain the behavior of mechanical force acting on ceramic during the impact. It was found that the amplitude, form, and frequency of measured microwave impulses were different by compression and restitution phase of impact. Two different mechanisms of electron emission, responsible for microwave impulse generation, were proposed based on the dissimilar impulse behavior. The field emission from tungsten indenter is dominant during compression, whereas ferroemission dominates during restitution phase. Indeed, it was observed that the direction of the current flow, i.e., sign of current impulses is changed by transitions from compression to restitution phase of impact. The observed dissimilar behavior of microwave impulses, caused by increasing and decreasing applied force, can be used to calculate the contact time and behavior of mechanical force during mechanical impact on ceramic surface. It is shown that the generation of microwave impulses exhibits high reproducibility, impulse intensity, a low damping factor, and high mechanical failure resistance. Based on these microwave emission properties of PZT, the development of new type of stress sensor with spatial resolution of few microns becomes possible.

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Picosecond electrical switching of single-gate metal nanotip arrays

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inElectron beam collimation from an all-metal double-gate 40 000 nanotip array: Improved emission current and beam uniformity upon neon gas conditioning

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Measurement of transverse emittance and coherence of double-gate field emitter array cathodes

Measurement of transverse emittance and coherence of double-gate field emitter array cathodes

Space‐Time Wave Packets from Smith‐Purcell Radiation

Microwave emission from lead zirconate titanate induced by impulsive mechanical load

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