Pidotimod Stimulates Natural Killer Cell Activity and Inhibits Thymocyte Cell Death

Migliorati, Graziella; D’Adamio, Luciano; Coppi, G; Nicoletti, Ildo; Riccardi, Carlo

doi:10.3109/08923979209009231

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The studies indicate that pidotimod has an immunomodulatory activity on both innate and adaptive immune response. It could promote natural killer cell functions,enhance phagocytic activity of monocytes, or change the chemotaxis of neutrophil . On the other hand, pidotimod could promote lymphocyte proliferation to restore the CD4+/CD8 ratio or increase interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interferon release.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Pidotimod Enantiomers With Chiralpak‐IA: Crystal Structure, Thermodynamic Parameters and Molecular Docking

Dou

Wang

et al. 2015

Chirality

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Pidotimod, a synthetic dipeptide, has two chiral centers with biological and immunological activity. Its enantiomers were characterized by x-ray crystallographic analysis. A chiral stationary phase (CSP) Chiralpak-IA based on amylose derivatized with tris-(3, 5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) was used to separate pidotimod enantiomers. The mobile phase was prepared in a ratio of 35:65:0.2 of methyl-tert-butyl-ether and acetonitrile trifluoroaceticacid. In addition, thermodynamics and molecular docking methods were used to explain the enantioseparation mechanism by Chiralpak-IA. Thermodynamic studies were carried out from 10 to 45 °C. In general, both retention and enantioselectivity decreased as the temperature increased. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the interaction force between the pidotimod enantiomer (4S, 2'R) and IA CSP is stronger and their complex model is more stable. According to GOLD molecular docking simulation, Van der Waals force is the leading cause of pidotimod enantiomers separation by IA CSP.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Pidotimod Enantiomers With Chiralpak‐IA: Crystal Structure, Thermodynamic Parameters and Molecular Docking

Dou

Wang

et al. 2015

Chirality

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“…At last, this work also provides a meaningful mode of action for PTD and highlights its clinical significance as an immunotherapeutic medicine for cancer in restoring damaged immune system of cancer patients after chemotherapy. 30,31 Furthermore, we could use PTD of matured DC are with more protrusions as well as rougher surface ( Fig. 3), which usually indicates increased expression of key surface markers or receptors; (3) reduction of phagosomes inside the DC (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detailed analysis of the changes of murine dendritic cells (DCs) induced by thymic peptide

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2012

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The aim of present research is to analyze the detailed changes of dendritic cells (DCs) induced by pidotimod(PTD). These impacts on DCs of both bone marrow derived DCs and established DC2.4 cell line were assessed with use of conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flow cytometry (FCM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cytochemistry assay FITC-dextran, bio-assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated the ability of PTD to induce DC phynotypic and functional maturation as evidenced by higher expression of key surface molecules such as MHC II, CD80 and CD86. The functional tests proved the downregulation of ACP inside the DCs, occurred when phagocytosis of DCs decreased, with simultaneously antigen presentation increased toward maturation. Finally, PTD also stimulated production of more cytokine IL-12 and less TNF-α. Therefore it is concluded that PTD can markedly exert positive induction to murine DCs.

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“…132 Early studies in humans demonstrated that pidotimod induces the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages, 133 while also activating innate immunity at NK cell level activity. 134 Recently, research has shown that monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis, as well as the migration of IL-2 activated T cells, induced by pidotimod requires the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway through the CXC chemokine receptor 3A (CXCR3A) isoform. 135 Pidotimod is also capable of inducing the maturation of DCs and increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II cell surface receptor (HLADR) and co-stimulatory molecules CD83 and CD86.…”

Section: Synthetic Molecules (Pidotimod)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions

Larenas‐Linnemann¹,

Rodríguez-Pérez²,

Arias-Cruz³

et al. 2020

World Allergy Organization Journal

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Introduction In the light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, during which the world is confronted with a new, highly contagious virus that suppresses innate immunity as one of its initial virulence mechanisms, thus escaping from the first-line human defense mechanisms, enhancing innate immunity seems a good preventive strategy. Methods Without the intention to write an official systematic review, but more to give an overview of possible strategies, in this review article we discuss several interventions that might stimulate innate immunity and thus our defense against (viral) respiratory tract infections. Some of these interventions can also stimulate the adaptive T- and B-cell responses, but our main focus is on the innate part of immunity. We divide the reviewed interventions in: 1) lifestyle related (exercise, >7 hours sleep, forest walking, meditation/mindfulness, vitamin supplementation); 2) Non-specific immune stimulants (letting fever advance, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod) and 3) specific vaccines with heterologous effect (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubeola vaccine, i.e.). Results For each of these interventions we briefly comment on their definition, possible mechanisms and evidence of clinical efficacy or lack of it, especially focusing on respiratory tract infections, viral infections and eventually a reduced mortality in severe respiratory infections in the intensive care unit. At the end a summary table demonstrates the best trials supporting (or not) clinical evidence. Conclusion Several interventions have some degree of evidence for enhancing the innate immune response and thus conveying possible benefit, but specific trials in COVID-19 should be conducted to support solid recommendations.

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Pidotimod Stimulates Natural Killer Cell Activity and Inhibits Thymocyte Cell Death

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Studies on Pidotimod Enantiomers With Chiralpak‐IA: Crystal Structure, Thermodynamic Parameters and Molecular Docking

Studies on Pidotimod Enantiomers With Chiralpak‐IA: Crystal Structure, Thermodynamic Parameters and Molecular Docking

The detailed analysis of the changes of murine dendritic cells (DCs) induced by thymic peptide

Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions

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