Since the first diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) gene was
characterized in plants, a number of studies have focused on understanding the role
of DGAT activity in plant triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis.
DGAT enzyme is essential in controlling TAGs synthesis and is
encoded by different genes. DGAT1 and DGAT2 are the
two major types of DGATs and have been well characterized in many
plants. On the other hand, the DGAT3 and WS/DGAT
have received less attention. In this study, we present the first general view of the
presence of putative DGAT3 and
WS/DGAT in several plant species and report on
the diversity and evolution of these genes and its relationships with the two main
DGAT genes (DGAT1 and DGAT2).
According to our analyses DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3 and
WS/DGAT are very divergent genes and may have
distinct origin in plants. They also present divergent expression patterns in
different organs and tissues. The maintenance of several types of genes encoding DGAT
enzymes in plants demonstrates the importance of DGAT activity for TAG biosynthesis.
Evolutionary history studies of DGATs coupled with their expression patterns help us
to decipher their functional role in plants, helping to drive future biotechnological
studies.