Piezoelectric and fibre-optic hydrophones

Hurrell, Andrew; Beard, Paul C.

doi:10.1533/9780857096302.3.619

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The pressure range of most piezoelectric sensors is also limited, often to 10 or 20 MPa, by the dynamic range of components such as preamplifiers. This limits them to the measurement of relatively low amplitude fields [4].…”

Section: A Existing Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical sensors such as the fiber optic hydrophone (FOPH) provide an alternative to the piezoelectric hydrophone, in general with the advantage of small element size and broad bandwidth [4], [9]. The Eisenmenger-type FOPH is based on pressure-induced refractive index changes at the tip of an optical fiber and has been used to measure upward of 100 MPa peak positive pressure and 18 MPa peak negative pressure [2], [10].…”

Section: A Existing Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Spatial Mapping of Focused Ultrasound Fields Using a Planar Fabry–Pérot Sensor

Martin

Zhang

Guggenheim

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Measurement of high acoustic pressures is necessary in order to fully characterize clinical high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields, and for accurate validation of computational models of ultrasound propagation. However, many existing measurement devices are unable to withstand the extreme pressures generated in these fields, and those that can often exhibit low sensitivity. Here, a planar Fabry-Pérot interferometer with hard dielectric mirrors and spacer was designed, fabricated, and characterized, and its suitability for measurement of nonlinear focused ultrasound fields was investigated. The noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of the scanning system scaled with the adjustable pressure detection range between 49 kPa for pressures up to 8 MPa and 152 kPa for measurements up to 25 MPa, over a 125 MHz measurement bandwidth. Measurements of the frequency response of the sensor showed that it varied by less than 3 dB in the range 1-62 MHz. The effective element size of the sensor was 65 and waveforms were acquired at a rate of 200 Hz. The device was used to measure the acoustic pressure in the field of a 1.1 MHz single-element spherically focused bowl transducer. Measurements of the acoustic field at low pressures compared well with measurements made using a Polyvinylidene difluoride needle hydrophone. At high pressures, the measured peak focal pressures agreed well with the focal pressure modeled using the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov equation. Maximum peak positive pressures of 25 MPa and peak negative pressures of 12 MPa were measured, and planar field scans were acquired in scan times on the order of 1 min. The properties of the sensor and scanning system are well suited to measurement of nonlinear focused ultrasound fields, in both the focal region and the low-pressure peripheral regions. The fast acquisition speed of the system and its low NEP are advantageous, and with further development of the sensor, it has potential in application to HIFU metrology.

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Section: A Existing Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Existing Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Spatial Mapping of Focused Ultrasound Fields Using a Planar Fabry–Pérot Sensor

Martin

Zhang

Guggenheim

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…The type of fiber hydrophone considered here is based on reflectance changes at the waterglass interface due to the pressure induced changes of the refractive index of water. The design was introduced by Staudenraus and Eisenmenger [16] and is often referred to as Eisenmenger type hydrophone [28]. The sensing element is the interface itself between the aqueous medium and the end face of the optic fiber core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Measurement of a Sub-Nanosecond Shockwave Pressure Rise Time

Petelin

Lokar

Horvat

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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In a growing number of applications fast and localized pressure measurement in aqueous media is desired. To perform such measurements a custom made single-mode fiber optic probe hydrophone (FOPH) was designed and used to measure the pressure pulse generated by laser induced breakdown in water. The sensor enabled sub-nanosecond pressure rise time measurement. Both the rise time and the duration of the shockwave were found to be shorter in the direction perpendicular to the breakdown generating laser beam, compared to the shockwave observed in the parallel direction. Simultaneous highframerate imaging was used to qualitatively validate the novel hydrophone data and to observe the shockwave evolution. The measurements were performed also on pressure pulses emitted during generation of miniature (150 µm diameter) laser-induced bubbles at very small distances (down to 40 µm), further demonstrating the capabilities of the small-size sensor and the ability to measure locally. The results improve understanding of laser induced breakdown shockwave characteristics dependence on laser pulse energy and duration.

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“…The state-of-the-art hydrophones that are currently available in the market are mostly piezoceramic based [14][15][16] while our proposed hydrophone is piezoelectric based [17,18]. Hydrophones based on piezoceramics have high acoustic impedances and hence those based on purely piezoelectrics are preferred [17]. Compared to traditional hydrophones, the use of MEMs based hydrophone allows for higher optimal sensitivity, and allowance for smaller size and lower cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIN based MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) Hydrophone Sensors for IoT Water Leakage Detection System

Phua¹,

Rabeek²,

Han³

et al. 2021

Water: Ecology and Management

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electro-mechanical system) are particular useful for IOT applications with low power consumption and small device footprint. Data analytics including characterization, pre/post processing are applied to determine the leaks. In this work, we have developed the process flow and algorithm to detect pipe leakage occurrence and pinpoint the location accurately. Our approach can be implemented to detect leaks for different pipe lengths, diameters and materials.

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Piezoelectric and fibre-optic hydrophones

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Rapid Spatial Mapping of Focused Ultrasound Fields Using a Planar Fabry–Pérot Sensor

Rapid Spatial Mapping of Focused Ultrasound Fields Using a Planar Fabry–Pérot Sensor

Localized Measurement of a Sub-Nanosecond Shockwave Pressure Rise Time

AIN based MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) Hydrophone Sensors for IoT Water Leakage Detection System

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