Piezoelectric inkjet printing of tyrosinase (polyphenol oxidase) enzyme on atmospheric plasma treated polyamide fabric

Abstract

Tyrosinase enzyme was digitally printed on plasma pretreated polyamide-6,6 fabric using several sustainable technologies. Ink containing carboxymethyl cellulose was found to be the most suitable viscosity modifier for this enzyme. Before and after being deposited on the fabric surface, the printed inks retained enzyme activity of 69% and 60%, respectively, compared to activity prior printing process. A good number of the printed enzyme was found to be strongly adsorbed on the fabric surface even after several rinsing cycles due to surface activation by plasma treatment. Rinsed out fabrics retained a maximum activity of 34% resulting from the well-adsorbed enzymes. The activity of tyrosinase on printed fabrics was more stable than ink solution for at least 60 days. Effects of pH, temperature and enzyme kinetics on ink solution and printed fabrics were assessed. Tyrosinase printed synthetic fabrics can be utilized for a range of applications from biosensing and wastewater treatment to cultural heritage works.

Sequential Inkjet Printing of Lysozyme and Tyrosinase on Polyamide Fabric: Sustainable Enzyme Binding on Textile Surface

“…Amido carbonyls peak intensity increased (≈13%) at binding energy of 288 eV, indicating formation of carboxylic species in hydrocarbon or carbonyl groups of plasma treated PA fabrics. [ 15 ] Further, ζ‐potential analysis (Figure 3) showed that isoelectric point (IEP) of plasma treated fabric moved to a lower pH value (≈3.3) than untreated fabric (≈4.3) due to increased polar species. [ 33 ] Such modified surface properties could promote adhesion of enzymes and further binding possibilities.…”

“…Plasma treated samples showed better ability to bind enzymes than respective untreated samples. Similar plasma treatments [ 15 ] as used in this study have demonstrated to facilitate better enzyme adsorption on PA surface due to increased roughness, hydrophilicity, and electrostatic interactions. [ 36 ] Tyrosinase could have achieved proper adsorption on PA surface with higher access to oxygen content necessary for catalysis due to oxygen and nitrogen gas mediated plasma treatment compared to untreated PA.…”

“…[ 51 ] Effect of pH on printed tyrosinase and lysozyme has been studied in our previous works. [ 14,15,24 ] Optimum pH (≈6) of tyrosinase containing ink and fabric was similar to its activity in buffer solution. [ 15 ] However, lysozyme containing ink was preferred to print near pH 6, instead of printing near pH 9.…”

“…[ 14,15,24 ] Optimum pH (≈6) of tyrosinase containing ink and fabric was similar to its activity in buffer solution. [ 15 ] However, lysozyme containing ink was preferred to print near pH 6, instead of printing near pH 9. [ 14,24 ] Before printing, lysozyme had highest activity near pH 9.…”

“…[12] Several enzymes have been studied to include in an ink solution and optimize their activity after printing. [13] Synthetic textiles have been modified using several pretreatment techniques [14,15] to ensure proper ink adhesion, enzyme adsorption, and activity retention.Plasma pretreatment of PET and PA fabrics was found to be beneficial for inkjet printing of enzymes, replacing the needs of harsh chemical based pretreatment processes. [16][17][18][19] Plasma treatment of PA can modify its topography, increase surface energy, and introduce new functional groups.…”