Piezoelectric nanogenerator using CdS nanowires

Lin, Yi‐Feng; Song, Jinhui; Ding, Y.; Lu, Shih‐Yuan; Wang, Zhong Lin

doi:10.1063/1.2831901

Cited by 274 publications

(165 citation statements)

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“…1 Moreover, due to its small size the NG can be effectively integrated with the nano/microscale functional devices to form a self-powered system, which has potential applications in the internet of things, national security, biomedical, and industry areas. In order to improve its output, many attempts have been made ranging from altering piezoelectric materials, that is, ZnO, 2 GaN, 3 CdS, 4 PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 , 5,6 BaTiO 3 , 7 PVDF, 8 to different designs, such as lateral, 5,9,10 radial, 11 or vertical integrations. 2,6 Up to now, various kinds of self-powered functional systems have been realized, such as self-powered pH sensor, 9 UV sensor, 9 small liquid crystal display, 12 commercial laser diode, 6 pressure/ speed sensor, 13 environmental sensor, 14 and so on.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flexible Fiber Nanogenerator with 209 V Output Voltage Directly Powers a Light-Emitting Diode

et al. 2012

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On the basis of a vertically aligned ultralong Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) nanowire array fabricated using electrospinning nanofibers, we developed a new type of integrated nanogenerator (NG) with ultrahigh output voltage of 209 V and current density of 23.5 μA/cm 2 , which are 3.6 times and 2.9 times of the previous record values, respectively. The output electricity can be directly used to stimulate the frog's sciatic nerve and to induce a contraction of a frog's gastrocnemius. The NG can instantaneously power a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) without the energy storage process. KEYWORDS: Nanogenerator, high output, energy harvesting, PZT nanowires, electrospinning H arvesting clean and renewable energy from the environment is an effective method to response the current energy crisis and power wide distributed nano/microdevices. As a novel energy collector, nanogenerator (NG) exhibits a number of features not shared by the traditional generators, that is, the ones based on ocean tide, river falls, and wind, etc. NG fabricated with piezoelectric nanomaterials can convert tiny and irregular environmental mechanical energy to electricity from sources such as air flowing, heart beating, and so on, which are more popular in our living environment compared to the energy source used for traditional generators as mentioned above.1 Moreover, due to its small size the NG can be effectively integrated with the nano/microscale functional devices to form a self-powered system, which has potential applications in the internet of things, national security, biomedical, and industry areas. In order to improve its output, many attempts have been made ranging from altering piezoelectric materials, that is, ZnO, 14 and so on. Among these systems, many of them need an energy storage unit to make them work properly. This energy storage circuit adds much complexity to the self-powered system and hinders its capacity to work in different tough environments. Here, we report a simple approach of fabricating vertically ultralong Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) nanowire arrays from electrospinning fibers to make a high output NG. Benefiting from the ultralong length of vertical nanowires, the fabricated NG has a maximum output peak voltage of 209 V, which is much higher than the past record of 58 V.2 Also, the NG can output a maximum peak current of 53 μA and current density of 23.5 μA/cm 2 , which is 2.9 times of the recent highest value of 8.13 μA/cm 2 . 15 The output power of our NG can be directly used to stimulate the frog's sciatic nerve and induce a contraction of that frog's gastrocnemius. Moreover, the NG can power a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) instantly without energy storage, which is a considerable progress for the development of selfpowered devices.Previous studies have shown that high piezoelectric coefficient of the fabricating material and integrated parallel and serial connection designs are two major factors to effectively increase NG's output. So, we use PZT, which possesses the highest piezo...

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Flexible Fiber Nanogenerator with 209 V Output Voltage Directly Powers a Light-Emitting Diode

et al. 2012

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“…The first proof-of-concept demonstration of piezoelectric NG wad conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to deform the vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays [10]. Similar experiments have been carried out subsequently on ZnO wires with larger dimensions and other wurtzite nanowires, with outputs from several mV to 1 V [20,[35][36][37]. Inspired by these initial developments, the first integrated NG based on vertically aligned ZnO nanowires was developed for direct current (DC) output ∼2.5 nW cm −2 by incorporating a serrated electrode array that functions similarly to an AFM tip [11].…”

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“…Notably, piezoelectric nanomaterials outperform their bulk counterparts with enhanced piezoelectric effect, superior mechanical properties and extreme sensitivity to small-level vibrations [17][18][19]. A wide range of rationally designed piezoelectric nanomaterials have been incorporated into NGs of various structures for mechanical energy harvesting over the past few years [11,13,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Related progress was comprehensively reviewed by Wang and colleagues [1] [33].…”

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High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered nanosystems: quantitative standards and figures of merit

2016

Nanotechnology

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“…A mechanical energy-harvesting nanodevice based on piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires was first demonstrated by Wang and Song in 2006 [5]. Since then, a new group of energyharvesting nanosystem, known as nanogenerator, has been developed [6][7][8][9]. The most common configuration of a nanogenerator involves piezoelectric ZnO nanowire grown vertically on a silicon substrate [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Effective Elastic, Piezoelectric, and Dielectric Properties of SU8/ZnO Nanocomposite for Vertically Integrated Nanogenerators Using Finite Element Method

Mishra

Krishna

Singh

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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A nanogenerator is a nanodevice which converts ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy. A piezoelectric nanocomposite, composed of vertical arrays of piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, encapsulated in a compliant polymeric matrix, is one of most common configurations of a nanogenerator. Knowledge of the effective elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric material properties of the piezoelectric nanocomposite is critical in the design of a nanogenerator. In this work, the effective material properties of a unidirectional, unimodal, continuous piezoelectric composite, consisting of SU8 photoresist as matrix and vertical array of ZnO nanowires as reinforcement, are systematically evaluated using finite element method (FEM). The FEM simulations were carried out on cubic representative volume elements (RVEs). Four different types of arrangements of ZnO nanowires and three sizes of RVEs have been considered. The volume fraction of ZnO nanowires is varied from 0 to a maximum of 0.7. Homogeneous displacement and electric potential are prescribed as boundary conditions. The material properties are evaluated as functions of reinforcement volume fraction. The values obtained through FEM simulations are compared with the results obtained via the Eshelby-MoriTanaka micromechanics. The results demonstrate the significant effects of ZnO arrangement, ZnO volume fraction, and size of RVE on the material properties.

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Piezoelectric nanogenerator using CdS nanowires

Cited by 274 publications

References 14 publications

Flexible Fiber Nanogenerator with 209 V Output Voltage Directly Powers a Light-Emitting Diode

Flexible Fiber Nanogenerator with 209 V Output Voltage Directly Powers a Light-Emitting Diode

High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered nanosystems: quantitative standards and figures of merit

Evaluation of Effective Elastic, Piezoelectric, and Dielectric Properties of SU8/ZnO Nanocomposite for Vertically Integrated Nanogenerators Using Finite Element Method

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