Piezoelectric Ribbons Printed onto Rubber for Flexible Energy Conversion

Qi, Yi; Jafferis, Noah T.; Lyons, Kenneth P.; Lee, Christine M.; Ahmad, Habib; McAlpine, Michael C.

doi:10.1021/nl903377u

Cited by 454 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recently, a series of rationally designed nanogenerators (NGs) with piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) have shown great potentialtoscavengetinyandirregularmechanicalenergy. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, insufficient electric output hinders their practical applications. We report here a simple and effective approach, named scalable sweeping-printing-method, for fabricating flexible high-output nanogenerator (HONG).…”

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Flexible High-Output Nanogenerator Based on Lateral ZnO Nanowire Array

et al. 2010

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We report here a simple and effective approach, named scalable sweeping-printing-method, for fabricating flexible highoutput nanogenerator (HONG) that can effectively harvesting mechanical energy for driving a small commercial electronic component. The technique consists of two main steps. In the first step, the vertically aligned ZnO nanowires (NWs) are transferred to a receiving substrate to form horizontally aligned arrays. Then, parallel stripe type of electrodes are deposited to connect all of the NWs together. Using a single layer of HONG structure, an open-circuit voltage of up to 2.03 V and a peak output power density of ∼11 mW/cm 3 have been achieved. The generated electric energy was effectively stored by utilizing capacitors, and it was successfully used to light up a commercial light-emitting diode (LED), which is a landmark progress toward building self-powered devices by harvesting energy from the environment. This research opens up the path for practical applications of nanowire-based piezoelectric nanogeneragtors for self-powered nanosystems.KEYWORDS Nanogenerator, ZnO, nanowire, light-emitting diode, self-powering E nergy harvesting is critical to achieve independent and sustainable operations of nanodevices, aiming at building self-powered nanosystems. 1-3 Taking the forms of irregular air flow/vibration, ultrasonic waves, body movement, and hydraulic pressure, mechanical energy is ubiquitously available in our living environment. It covers a wide range of magnitude and frequency from cell contraction to ocean waves. The mechanical-electric energy conversion has been demonstrated using piezoelectric cantilever working at its resonating mode. [4][5][6][7] However, the applicability and adaptability of the traditional cantilever based energy harvester is greatly impeded by the large unit size, large triggering force and specific high resonance frequency. Recently, a series of rationally designed nanogenerators (NGs) with piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) have shown great potentialtoscavengetinyandirregularmechanicalenergy. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, insufficient electric output hinders their practical applications. We report here a simple and effective approach, named scalable sweeping-printing-method, for fabricating flexible high-output nanogenerator (HONG). An open-circuit voltage of up to 2.03 V and a peak output power density of ∼11 mW/cm 3 have been achieved. The generated electric energy was effectively stored by utilizing capacitors, and it was successfully used to light up a commercial lightemitting diode (LED), which is a landmark progress toward building self-powered devices by harvesting energy from the environment. Furthermore, by optimizing the density of the NWs on the substrate and with the use of multilayer integration, a peak output power density of ∼0.44 mW/cm 2 and volume density of 1.1 W/cm 3 are predicted.The mechanism of converting mechanical energy by a single ZnO NW that is laterally bonded to a substrate has been discussed in details in our previous rep...

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Flexible High-Output Nanogenerator Based on Lateral ZnO Nanowire Array

et al. 2010

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“…[ 2 , 3 ] State-of-the-art piezoelectrics are based on perovskite materials with complex chemistries including PbZr x Ti 1-x O 3 (PZT) at x = 0.52 and (1-x)Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -xPbTiO 3 (PMN-PT) at x = 0.33. Special attention has been given to these materials due to the presence of morphotropic phase boundaries (MPB) -or a nearly temperature insensitive, compositionally driven boundary between tetragonal-and rhombohedral-polymorphs which gives rise to enhanced piezoelectricity.…”

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“…[4] Recently, it has been observed that MPB-like features can also exist in appropriately strained, chemically simple materials. [5,6,7] For instance, it has been shown that BiFeO 3 , which possesses a strong electrical polarization (~90-100 μC/cm 2 ) and is a candidate for the replacement of lead-based ferroelectrics, [8,9] can exhibit a strain-induced structural phase transition which gives rise to enhanced electromechanical response. [7] Using epitaxial thin film growth, X-ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM), atomic (AFM) and piezoresponse (PFM) force microscopy we report the nanoscale structural evolution of such strain-induced phase boundaries in BiFeO 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[5,6,7] For instance, it has been shown that BiFeO 3 , which possesses a strong electrical polarization (~90-100 μC/cm 2 ) and is a candidate for the replacement of lead-based ferroelectrics, [8,9] can exhibit a strain-induced structural phase transition which gives rise to enhanced electromechanical response. [7] Using epitaxial thin film growth, X-ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM), atomic (AFM) and piezoresponse (PFM) force microscopy we report the nanoscale structural evolution of such strain-induced phase boundaries in BiFeO 3 . We report on the true structure of these phase boundariesincluding the observation of never before reported phases, the nanoscale spatial location of these phases, as well as the interplay between these phases and how this results in strong electromechanical actuation in these materials.…”

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Nanoscale Structure and Mechanism for Enhanced Electromechanical Response of Highly Strained BiFeO₃ Thin Films

et al. 2011

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The nanostructural evolution of the strain-induced structural phase transition in BiFeO 3 is examined. Using high-resolution X-ray diffraction and scanning-probe microscopy-based studies we have uniquely identified and examined the numerous phases present at these phase boundaries and have discovered an intermediate monoclinic phase in addition to the previously observed rhombohedral-and tetragonallike phases. Further analysis has determined that the so-called mixed-phase regions of these films are not mixtures of rhombohedral-and tetragonal-like phases, but intimate mixtures of highly-distorted monoclinic phases with no evidence for the presence of the rhombohedral-like parent phase. Finally, we propose a mechanism for the enhanced electromechanical response in these films including how these phases interact at the nanoscale to produce large surface strains.

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“…4,5 Of these transducers, piezoelectric materials have received the most attention because of their higher conversion efficiency. 6,7 Flutter is an aerodynamic phenomenon that occurs when a structure is subjected to flow loads, and this motion can be used to harvest wind energy in many applications using a piezoelectric cantilever. Erturk et al 8 have proposed a distributed parameter electromechanical model for a piezoelectric energy harvester and have carried out preliminary experiments with a flow induced airfoil.…”

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Performance of pre-deformed flexible piezoelectric cantilever in energy harvesting

et al. 2016

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A utility piezoelectric energy harvester with low frequency and high-output voltage: Theoretical model, experimental verification and energy storage AIP Advances 6, 095208 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4962979 Piezoelectric energy harvesting: State-of-the-art and challenges Applied Physics Reviews 1, 031104 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4896166 AIP ADVANCES 6, 055002 (2016) Performance of pre-deformed flexible piezoelectric cantilever in energy harvesting This paper proposes a novel structure for pre-rolled flexible piezoelectric cantilevers that use wind energy to power a submunition electrical device. Owing to the particular installation position and working environment, the submunition piezoelectric cantilever should be rolled when not working, but this pre-rolled state can alter the energy harvesting performance. Herein, a working principle and installation method for piezoelectric cantilevers used in submunitions are introduced. To study the influence of the pre-rolled state, pre-rolled piezoelectric cantilevers of different sizes were fabricated and their performances were studied using finite element analysis simulations and experiments. The simulation results show that the resonance frequency and stiffness of the pre-rolled structure is higher than that of a flat structure. Results show that, (1) for both the pre-rolled and flat cantilever, the peak voltage will increase with the wind speed. (2) The pre-rolled cantilever has a higher critical wind speed than the flat cantilever. (3) For identical wind speeds and cantilever sizes, the peak voltage of the flat cantilever (45 V) is less than that of the pre-rolled cantilever (56 V). (4) Using a full-bridge rectifier, the output of the pre-rolled cantilever can sufficiently supply a 10 µF capacitor, whose output voltage may be up to 23 V after 10 s. These results demonstrate that the pre-rolled piezoelectric cantilever and its installation position used in this work are more suitable for submunition, and its output sufficiently meets submunition requirements. C 2016 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

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Piezoelectric Ribbons Printed onto Rubber for Flexible Energy Conversion

Cited by 454 publications

References 36 publications

Flexible High-Output Nanogenerator Based on Lateral ZnO Nanowire Array

Flexible High-Output Nanogenerator Based on Lateral ZnO Nanowire Array

Nanoscale Structure and Mechanism for Enhanced Electromechanical Response of Highly Strained BiFeO₃ Thin Films

Performance of pre-deformed flexible piezoelectric cantilever in energy harvesting

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Piezoelectric Ribbons Printed onto Rubber for Flexible Energy Conversion

Cited by 454 publications

References 36 publications

Flexible High-Output Nanogenerator Based on Lateral ZnO Nanowire Array

Flexible High-Output Nanogenerator Based on Lateral ZnO Nanowire Array

Nanoscale Structure and Mechanism for Enhanced Electromechanical Response of Highly Strained BiFeO3 Thin Films

Performance of pre-deformed flexible piezoelectric cantilever in energy harvesting

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Nanoscale Structure and Mechanism for Enhanced Electromechanical Response of Highly Strained BiFeO₃ Thin Films