Piezophototronic gated optofluidic logic computations empowering intrinsic reconfigurable switches

Abstract

Optofluidic nano/microsystems have advanced the realization of Boolean circuits, with drastic progression to achieve extensive scale integration of desirable optoelectronics to investigate multiple logic switches. In this context, we demonstrate the optofluidic logic operations with interfacial piezophototronic effect to promote multiple operations of electronic analogues. We report an optofluidic Y-channeled logic device with tunable metal-semiconductor-metal interfaces through mechanically induced strain elements. We investigate the configuration of an OR gate in a semiconductor-piezoelectric zinc oxide nanorod-manipulated optofluidic sensor, and its direct reconfiguration to logic AND through compressive strain-induced (−1%) piezoelectric negative polarizations. The exhibited strategy in optofluidic systems implemented with piezophototronic concept enables direct-on chip working of OR and AND logic with switchable photocurrent under identical analyte. Featured smart intrinsic switching between the Boolean optoelectronic gates (OR↔AND) ultimately reduces the need for cascaded logic circuits to operate multiple logic switches on-a-chip.

Highly sensitive strain sensors based on piezotronic tunneling junction

“…3c), we can find the value of ln(I strain /I free ) changes approximately linearly with strain in the red region (strain >0.02%), which is corresponding to the change of barrier height regulated by piezotronic effect; whereas changes drastically and nonlinearly with strain in the blue region (strain <0.01%), resulting from the simultaneous piezotronic modification on the tunneling barrier height and width (Supplementary Note 11-13 and Supplementary Figs. [15][16][17][18][19]. The enlarged detail of the blue region is shown in the inset of Fig.…”

“…Due to the coupling of piezoelectricity and charge carriers transport property of semiconductor, the piezotronic sensors utilize the straininduced piezoelectric polarization charges and corresponding piezo-potentials at interfaces to linearly modulate the interface barrier height and exponentially control the carrier transport across the interface between metal-semiconductor, semiconductors, or semiconductor with other materials, thus to directly transduce a mechanical signal into an electrically control signal 14 . Because of the natural exponential relationship between input signal and output signal, strain sensor based on piezotronic effect has inherent advantages in detecting mechanical stimuli, and exhibits excellent performance in adaptive electronics and optoelectronics 14 , such as tactile imaging 2 , nano-LED pressure imaging 15 , high-electron-mobility transistor 16 , optofluidic logic computation 17 and so on.…”

A Stretchable, Self-Healable Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Electronic Skin for Energy Harvesting and Tactile Sensing

“…Among them, stretchable and self-healable conductive materials have become a rapidly developing hot spot [ 3 ]. In recent years, stretchable, self-healable conductive hydrogels have attracted widespread attention in wearable electronics and energy harvesting applications, including smart healthcare devices, electronic skins, stretchable electrodes, flexible sensors, and other wearable electronics [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Gelatin is a product of collagen hydrolysis and contains a large number of functional groups.…”

Progress in Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on PVDF Composite Films

“…The increased consumption of fossil fuels and the ensuing environmental problems call for the development of renewable and clean energy. Over the last few decades, as a kind of active material, piezoelectric materials have attracted more and more attention in applications of self-powered sensors, actuators, and energy-harvesting devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In 2006, Wang et al implemented a nanodevice to realize the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy by sweeping the metal tip of an atomic force microscope across a vertically grown ZnO nanowire (NW), which was firstly called piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) [8][9][10].…”