Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Declines in Response to an Oral Glucose Load and Is Correlated with Vitamin D and BMI but Not Diabetes Status in Children and Young Adults

Abstract

Background: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is associated with obesity and diabetes complications in adults, yet little is known about PEDF in younger individuals. We investigated the relationship between PEDF and various metabolic biomarkers in young healthy volunteers (HV) and similar-aged patients with diabetes (type 1 and type 2). Methods: A fasting blood sample was collected in 48 HV, 11 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 11 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) 12–25 years of age. In 9 healthy subjects, PEDF was also serially measured during a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: PEDF was positively correlated with BMI and systolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with vitamin D. Upon multivariable analysis, BMI and vitamin D were independent predictors of PEDF. Prior to adjustment, PEDF was highest in T2D patients (7,168.9 ± 4417.4 ng/mL) and lowest in individuals with T1D (2,967.7 ± 947.1 ng/mL) but did not differ by diagnosis when adjusted for BMI and vitamin D. Among volunteers who underwent an OGTT, PEDF declined by ∼20% in response to an oral glucose load. Conclusion: PEDF was acutely regulated by a glucose load and was correlated with BMI but not with diabetes. The negative correlation with vitamin D, independent of BMI, raises the question whether PEDF plays a compensatory role in bone matrix mineralization.

Serum Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Levels are Associated with Estradiol and Decrease After Adjusting for Alanine Aminotransferase in Chinese Women Based on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

“…Serum PEDF concentration was determined with a PEDF sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (BioVendor, Brno, Czech Republic) according to the manufacturer's instructions, as described previously by Stejskal et al 16 This test method has proven to be sensitive and stable in Asian, European and American populations with different metabolic profiles and in different age groups. 14,[19][20][21][30][31][32] The serum estradiol level was measured by electrochemiluminescence (Immulite2000, Diagnostic Products Corp, USA). The plasma glucose concentration was tested by a hexokinase method (TBA-200FR, Tokyo, Japan).…”

PEDF: An essential stem cell regulator in models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type VI

“…Thus the recent identification of elevated PEDF as a biomarker for obesity and the metabolic syndrome has highlighted its diverse functions in many tissue types 16,19,20 . Sylvetsky et al have shown that serum PEDF is sensitive to changes in body weight, raising the possibility that PEDF producing bone cells may couple changes in body weight to bone mass 21 .…”

Association of sun exposure and seasonality with vitamin D levels in Brazilian children and adolescents

“…5,6 It acts in several metabolic pathways, such as the development of muscle mass and bones 7 and influencing the concentration of lipid fractions, 8 blood pressure, 9 and other cardiovascular factors. [10][11][12] Exposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the elementary mechanism of vitamin D synthesis in humans. 13,14 In our species, only 10-20% of the vitamin D necessary for proper function of the organism comes from diet.…”