Pigmentation and carotenoid content of shrimp fed with Haematococcus pluvialis and soy lecithin

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) (carotenoid source) and H. pluvialis plus soy lecithin on development, carotenoid content, and pigmentation of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). One hundred and eighty shrimps (7.8 g) were divided in six tanks (n = 30) and fed with control food, H. pluvialis, and H. pluvialis plus soy lecithin for 2 weeks. Carotenoids were extracted with acetone and quantified by UV–vis spectrophotometry, and astaxanthin was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Colour was analysed by colorimetry. Lecithin/H. pluvialis group presented higher survival rate (100%) when compared to control group (93.3%). Haematococcus pluvialis and lecithin/H. pluvialis groups presented higher red‐like colour (a* 16.4 and 19.9) than control (a* 20.6). Lecithin/H. pluvialis group presented higher carotenoids content (8.2 mg kg−1 muscle, 26.8 mg kg−1 exoskeleton) and astaxanthin (8.5 mg kg−1 muscle, 23.3 mg kg−1 exoskeleton) than control (carotenoids: 4.2 mg kg−1 muscle, 12.3 mg kg−1 exoskeleton; astaxanthin: 3.2 mg kg−1 muscle, 8.1 mg kg−1 exoskeleton). Feeding with 60 ppm carotenoids (from H. pluvialis) during 2 weeks was sufficient for favouring red‐like pigmentation in shrimp, and lecithin increased astaxanthin content only in exoskeleton.

CAROTENOID-ENRICHED DIET FOR PRE-MATURATION STAGE OF POND-REARED TIGER SHRIMP, Penaeus monodon PART I. THE EFFECTS ON GROWTH, PIGMENTATION AND WHOLE BODY NUTRIENT CONTENT

“…A similar effect was also reported on Kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) fed with -carotene from Dunaliella salina (Supamattayaa et al, 2005). In addition, supplementation of microalgae Haematococcuspluvialis as a dietary carotenoid source presented higher survival rate and weight gain of juvenile vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Parisenti et al, 2011). Even though these previous studies did not provide suffi- cient data on biomass, the significant higher growth and survival detected in those studies implied a significantly higher biomass which was similar to that of found in the present study.…”

“…Microalgae have been widely acknowledged to contain various carotenoids such as Haematococcus pluvialis (Parisenti et al, 2011), Botryococcus brauni (Rao et al, 2006) and Dunaliella salina (Boonyaratpalin et al, 2001). A recent study reported that Tetraselmis sp DS3 contains > 5% -carotene and 0.48% lutein of biomass and also has the same biological functions as other carotenoid sources (Tsai et al, 2016).…”

“…Carotenoids, the main pigments of many aquatic animals, have been associated with freshness and product quality of seafood including shrimp (HigueraCiapara et al, 2006;Niu, et al, 2011;Parisenti et al, 2011). The colors of cooked and raw shrimp are important quality criteria in world markets and may be associated with premium pricing (Hunter, 2001).…”

“…Specifically, astaxanthin is the predominant carotenoid found in penaeid shrimp and other crustaceans (86-98% of total carotenoid) attributing the characteristic color to these crustaceans (Armenta & Guerrero-Legarreta, 2009), which in turn increase consumer's acceptance to the products (Parisenti et al, 2011). Astaxanthin has a stronger antioxidant property than other carotenoids, such as -carotene, Carotenoid-enriched diet for pre-maturation stage of pond-reared ..... (Asda Laining) lutein, and zeaxanthin (Naguib, 2000).…”

5 Algae for aquaculture and animal feeds

“…pluvialis has been shown to be successful in enhancing the reddish skin coloration of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (Chatzifotis et al 2011) and also of the penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Parisenti et al 2011). Both natural and synthetic sources of carotenoids have been successfully used to augment the yellow skin coloration in gilthead sea bream Gouveia et al 2002).…”