Pigmentation Potency of Xanthophyll Sources

Broiler Pigmentation Potency of Neoxanthin and Violaxanthin Relative to Lutein

“…The results reported here coupled with our earlier results (Kuzmicky et al, 1968) and those of Quackenbush et al (1965) further clarify the picture of broiler pigmentation from dehydrated alfalfa meal. It seems clear that lutein plus its cis isomers or derivatives are primarily responsible for skin pigmentation from alfalfa meal.…”

“…analytical procedure include lutein, zeazanthin, cryptoxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, carotenoid oxidation products, and various cis isomers of these (Kohler et al, 1967). Lutein, zeaxanthin, and cryptoxanthin have been reported to be good skin pigmenters while indications are the polyoxycarotenoids are relatively poor skin pigmenters (Quackenbush et al, 1965;Kuzmicky et al, 1968). Violaxanthin has been reported to be ineffective as a yolk pigmenter (Marusich et al, 1960).…”

“…GENERAL PROCEDURE 1 For the two experiments conducted in this study, day-old Cornish-White Rock type cross-bred cockerels (Kimber) were depleted of pigment on a 22% protein soystarch ration (Table 1) for 13 days. After this period all chicks with greenish colored feet (less than 5%) were discarded and the chicks used were distributed into replicate Kuzmicky et al (1968).…”

Pigmentation of Egg Yolks by Xanthophylls from Corn, Marigold, Alfalfa and Synthetic Sources

“…Lutein had earler been reported more potent than these extracts for broilers (Kuzmicky et al, 1968 (3-carotene equivalents, micrograms/gram of yolk. 3 Pertains to percentages in the solvent mixture used to extract xanthophylls adsorbed on a magnesium oxide; celite column, i.e., hexane, acetone and methanol.…”

“…Lutein isolated from alfalfa was also compared with 20% protein alfalfa meals obtained from California and South Dakota and a corn gluten meal from Illinois (Table 2). Isolation and use of these fractions for broiler skin pigmentation was previously reported (Kuzmicky et al, 1968).…”