Pilot Plant Production and Properties of Cyanoethylated Cotton'

Abstract

TEXTILE fiber engineering has been aided in recent years by the improvement of natural fibers and the development of new textile fibers. Although much credit is due to the plant and animal breeders who have developed new varieties and strains, the present discussion is concerned primarily with the development of new textile fibers. The new textile fibers may be placed in three categories:1. Man-modified natural textile fibers, characterized by the preservation of the intrinsic elements of fiber structure while conferring additional functional properties to the fiber.2. Man-made textile fibers derived from natural textile fibers by chemical reactions which either permanently or temporarily modify the bonding forces between the intrinsic elements of fiber structure so that disruption may be induced, following . which a new arrangement of certain of these structural elements into fibers may be effected.3. Man-made textile fibers derived from synthetic polymeric materials which have certain structural features and functional properties characteristic of man-modified and man-made fiber derived from natural polymeric materials.The discovery of the mercerization process by Mercer [29] in 1844, and the improvements by Lowe [26] in 1889 are illustrative of the early work directed toward the development of new textile fibers falling in the first category. A somewhat different approach to this problem involving the permanent attachment of various chemical groups to the basic unit of fiber structure of the cellulose molecule has been made in recent years. The two chemical processes which are now being explored on a pilot plant scale are cyanoethylation [12] and acetylation ( 18] of the cotton fiber. Since the cyanoethylation of cotton by treatment with acrylonitrile causes the least disruption of the intrinsic fiber structure, this method best illustrates this approach to the general problem of the chemical modification of cotton ( 10] . The first man-made fiber from nitrocellulose by Count Hilaire de Chardonnet [151 in 1884, as well as the fibers produced by the cuprammonium [39], viscose [ 14] , and acetate (31, 38] processes are representative of the textile fibers in the second category. The third category of fibers includes such textile fibers as nylon, introduced to the trade in 1938, and the more recently developed fibers Orlon (Du Pont Fig. 1. Single cotton fiber, 1 ~'Íwin&dquo; staple. Fig. 2. Single cotton fiber showing convolutions.

Structure and solution properties of cyanoethyl celluloses synthesized in LiOH/urea aqueous solution

“…It is well known that cyanoethylation results in the improved rot resistance at low DS (Compton et al 1955;Greathouse et al 1956), the enhanced thermoresistance (Saha et al 2000;Nada and Seoudi 2006), and more favorable mechanical and dielectric properties (Yamawaki et al 1990;Hassan et al 2001). Industrial cyanoethylation of cellulose is exclusively performed in a heterogeneous system (Volkert et al 2010).…”

Effect of Solvent Induced One Step Partial Cyano-Hydroxylation Process on Properties of Cotton Fabric

“…Much research has been carried out in the field of chemical modification of cotton cellulose to produce new and unusual properties [1]. Chemical modification of cotton cellulose, such as cyanoethylation [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], acetylation [11][12], carbamoylethylation [12] and grafting [13] etc, is generally performed by reaction with the functional groups already present in the fiber.…”

One-Step Process for the Cyanoethylation of Cotton

“…A pilot plant utilizing a 50-package Gaston County dyeing machine was put into operation in October, 1954, at Rossville, Georgia, as a joint venture of the American Cyanamid Company, the Institute of Textile Technology, and the Standard-Coosa-Thatcher Company [5]. At this pilot plant, about 15,000 lb of cyanoethylated yarn and stock have been prepared to date for field evaluation.…”