Pilot Scale Evaluation of Ozone and Other Drinking Water Disinfectants Using Mutagenicity Testing

Huck, Peter M.; Anderson, William B.; Savage, Elizabeth A.; Borstel, R. C. von; Daignault, S.A.; Rector, D.W.; Irvine, G.A.

doi:10.1080/01919518908552440

“…To date however, there are no published results on the removal of MX and EMX in water treatment processes. The use of granular activated carbon (GAC) has been demonstrated to be an effective means of removing mutagenic compounds produced during chlorination of drinking water (8,9,10,11) and as such could be a useful treatment to remove MX. Quantitäten of the removal of mutagenicity by GAC has however been generally limited to reporting either percentage reduction or breakthrough for various numbers of bed volumes treated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the mutagenic compound ‘MX’ in drinking water and its removal by activated carbon

Andrews

¹

,

Daignault

²

,

Laverdure

³

et al. 1990

Environmental Technology

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Recent studies have shown that the compound MX [3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone] can account for up to 57% of the observed acid fraction mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking water. In the present study laboratory investigations showed MX to be very well removed by activated carbon over a wide concentration range. Samples obtained from two water treatment plants following pre-chlorination showed MX to be present in the range of 38 to 60 ng L -1 . MX concentrations were not always correlated with TOC levels, suggesting that the type of organic matter present may play a role in MX formation. GAC appeared to be capable of removing MX precursors.

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Ozone

Wojtowicz¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This article discusses solubility, absorptivity, explosivity, as well as thermodynamic, spectral, structural, and other physical properties of ozone in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states; it reviews both organic and inorganic chemistry and offers various analytical methods for determining ozone in the solution and the gas phase. It examines, from a mechanistic viewpoint, not only the thermal and photochemical decomposition of gaseous and aqueous ozone, but also its generation, including gas preparation, electrical requirements and characteristics, efficiency, costs, and design. In addition, the article investigates atmospheric ozone formation in the troposphere and the stratosphere from the standpoint of photochemical smog, surveying the effect of natural and anthropogenic contaminants on ozone decomposition. Finally, the article considers numerous health and safety issues, including such topics as the depletion of ozone layer, environmental and human exposure, and ozone disinfection by‐products. Ozone can be used in drinking water, high purity water for bottling and canning plants, as well as the pharmaceutical and electronics industry; it can be used to bleach textiles and natural products, to control industrial wastewater pollution and sewage, to disinfect wastewater as well as water for large aquariums and shrimp hatcheries, to treat process water, swimming pools, and spas; it can also be used for pulp bleaching, organic synthesis, medical applications, and food preservation. Vol. 17, pp. 953–994, 168 refs. to May 1995.

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Ozone

Wojtowicz

¹

2005

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This article discusses solubility, absorptivity, explosivity, as well as thermodynamic, spectral, structural, and other physical properties of ozone in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states; it reviews both organic and inorganic chemistry and offers various analytical methods for determining ozone in the solution and the gas phase. It examines, from a mechanistic viewpoint, not only the thermal and photochemical decomposition of gaseous and aqueous ozone, but also its generation, including gas preparation, electrical requirements and characteristics, efficiency, costs, and design. In addition, the article investigates atmospheric ozone formation in the troposphere and the stratosphere from the standpoint of photochemical smog, surveying the effect of natural and anthropogenic contaminants on ozone decomposition. Finally, the article considers numerous health and safety issues, including such topics as the depletion of ozone layer, environmental and human exposure, and ozone disinfection by‐products. Ozone can be used in drinking water, high purity water for bottling and canning plants, as well as the pharmaceutical and electronics industry; it can be used to bleach textiles and natural products, to control industrial wastewater pollution and sewage, to disinfect wastewater as well as water for large aquariums and shrimp hatcheries, to treat process water, swimming pools, and spas; it can also be used for pulp bleaching, organic synthesis, medical applications, and food preservation.

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Pilot Scale Evaluation of Ozone and Other Drinking Water Disinfectants Using Mutagenicity Testing

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Occurrence of the mutagenic compound ‘MX’ in drinking water and its removal by activated carbon

Occurrence of the mutagenic compound ‘MX’ in drinking water and its removal by activated carbon

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