Pilot study of mold in homes of asthmatic children in Taipei, Taiwan, using the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index

Abstract

The prevalence of asthma in Taiwan is one of the highest in Asia. Mold exposures have been linked to the development and exacerbation of asthma. A pilot study of mold populations in homes in Taipei, Taiwan, was conducted in the spring of 2014. Dust and air samples were collected from five homes with an asthmatic child and five from control homes. A combined, settled-dust sample was collected in the living room and bedroom in each home using a Swiffer TM cloth. The dust (5 mg) was analyzed for 36 molds using a DNA-based analysis, mold-specific quantitative PCR, and mold contamination was estimated using the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) metric. The ERMI values were significantly (p = 0.03) greater in the homes of asthmatic children compared to the control homes, average 26.2 versus 17.4, respectively. Aspergillus ochraceus was found in significantly greater numbers in homes of asthmatic children compared to control homes. Air samples were collected in each home for 2 min (total 63 l of air) using the Burkard portable air sampler for agar plates fitted with malt extract agar plates. The plates were incubated at 25°C for 5 days, and the resulting mold colonies were enumerated. Significantly higher total numbers of molds were cultured from the air in homes of asthmatics compared to control homes. Although this is a pilot study, it suggests that asthmatic children in Taipei, Taiwan, live in homes with significantly greater exposures to molds.

Establishment and Application of an Environmental Relative Moldiness Index for Dwellings in Korea

“…Additionally, the concentrations of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Paecilomyces variotii were high in the non-waterdamaged houses. This was similar to the study results in Finland, which showed high concentrations of A. restrictus and P. brevicompactum, and the US, which had high concentrations of A. versicolor, Eurotium group, and Wallemia sebi [13,21,23,25,26] .…”

Mold populations and dust mite allergen concentrations in house dust samples from across Puerto Rico

“…In another tropical country, Taiwan, asthmatic children were found to be living in homes with significantly higher ERMI values than non-asthmatic children (Chen et al 2015). As the ERMI is a standardized test, it provides a metric to quantify the link between mold contamination (including some specific molds) and asthma.…”