Pilot study of oral polymeric N-acetyl-d-glucosamine as a potential treatment for patients with osteoarthritis

Talent, John M.; Gracy, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(96)80073-7

Cited by 59 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Only 13/25 (patients 5,6,12,13,15,[17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25] showed signs of reflux esophagitis associated with chronic gastritis. Eight patients (3, 7-9, 11, 14, 16, 21) showed antral gastritis, gastric micropolyposis and mucosal gastric hypertrophy, and 9 patients (patients 11, 13, 16-18, 20, 21, 24, 25) resulted positive at H. pylori urease test and at 13 C-urea breath test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In most cases, the hard cover polysaccharide chitin of insects accounts for 5-20% of the dry weight. In general, chitinases can digest chitin and reduce it into assimilable components such as N-acetyl-glucosamine [4][5][6] . Western society does not consider insects an important food [7,2] ; however, crustaceans such as lobsters and shrimps are commonly eaten mostly after discarding the hardened chitin-rich tegument.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Gastric Juice Contains Chitinase That Can Degrade Chitin

et al. 2007

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Chitin digestion by humans has generally been questioned or denied. Only recently chitinases have been found in several human tissues and their role has been associated with defense against parasite infections and to some allergic conditions. In this pilot study we tested the gastric juices of 25 Italian subjects on the artificial substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-N,N’,diacetylchitobiose or/and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) chitin to demonstrate the presence of a chitinase activity. Since this chitinase activity was demonstrated at acidic pH, it is currently referred to acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). AMCase activity was present in gastric juices of twenty of 25 Italian patients in a range of activity from 0.21 to 36.27 nmol/ml/h and from 8,881 to 1,254,782 fluorescence emission (CPS), according to the used methods. In the remaining five of 25 gastric juices, AMCase activity was almost absent in both assay methods. An allosamidine inhibition test and the measurement at different pH values confirmed that this activity was characteristic of AMCase. The absence of activity in 20% of the gastric juices may be a consequence of virtual absence of chitinous food in the Western diet.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Gastric Juice Contains Chitinase That Can Degrade Chitin

et al. 2007

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“…Ingestão oral (1 g/dia) de Nacetilglicosamina ou quitosana aumentou a concentração sérica de glicosamina. No entanto, apenas quitosana foi capaz de manter este aumento 48 h após a ingestão oral 57 . Setnikat e colaboradores 58 também encontraram resultados semelhantes, corroborando, desta forma, a utilização de quitosana como fonte de glicosamina e, por conseguinte, sua adequação ao tratamento de osteoartrites.…”

Section: Tratamento De Osteoartriteunclassified

Quitosana: derivados hidrossolúveis, aplicações farmacêuticas e avanços

Silva¹,

Santos²,

Ferreira³

2006

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 15/3/05; aceito em 3/8/05; publicado na web em 14/3/06 CHITOSAN: HYDROSSOLUBLE DERIVATIVES, PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS AND RECENT ADVANCES. Chitin and chitosan are copolymers build from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine. The former is widely found in nature and yields the latter on deacetylation. The copolymers are being used for several purposes. Since 1977, when the First International Conference on Chitin and Chitosan was held in Boston, USA, the interest on chitin and chitosan has remarkably increased. This review emphasizes pharmaceutical applications of chitosan and its derivatives, and presents recent advances. Some therapeutical applications of these polymers are also discussed.Keywords: chitosan; hydrossoluble derivatives; pharmaceutical applications. INTRODUÇÃOQuitina e quitosana são copolímeros constituídos por unidades Nacetil-D-glicosamina e D-glicosamina em proporções variáveis, sendo que o primeiro tipo dessas unidades predomina no caso de quitina, enquanto quitosana é composta predominantemente, por unidades Dglicosamina 1 . A quitina é o segundo polissacarídeo mais abundante na natureza depois da celulose, sendo o principal componente do exoesqueleto de crustáceos e insetos; sua presença ocorre também em nematóides e parede celular de fungos e leveduras 1 . A quitosana pode ser obtida a partir da quitina por meio da desacetilação com álcalis, podendo também estar naturalmente presente em alguns fungos, como aqueles pertecentes aos gêneros Mucor e Zygomicetes 2 . De acordo com o grau médio de acetilação (GA), parâmetro empregado para caracterizar o conteudo médio de unidades N-acetil-D-glicosamina de quitina e quitosana, podem-se obter diversas quitosanas variando-se, assim, suas propriedades físico-químicas, como solubilidade, pKa e viscosidade 3 . Geralmente, é difícil de se obter quitosana com elevado grau de desacetilação, pois, à medida que este aumenta, a possibilidade de degradação do polímero também aumenta 4 . A Figura 1 representa as estruturas químicas parciais da quitina e quitosana.O emprego de quitina e quitosana e a pesquisa por novas aplicações têm aumentado exponencialmente em diversas áreas, como na agricultura e indústria de alimentos, mas, especialmente, na indústria farmacêutica, no desenvolvimento de cosméticos 5-12 e biomateriais, tais como géis, filmes e membranas poliméricas [13][14][15][16][17] . De acordo com Khor 18 , um aspecto importante na utilização de quitosana diz respeito à sua produção a partir da quitina. Esta deve ser realizada de forma adequada, de maneira que garanta, ao final do processo, a obtenção de quitosana com alto grau de pureza, sobretudo isenta de contaminantes, como proteínas, endotoxinas e metais tóxicos. Neste âmbito, é válido ressaltar que o polímero obtido deve ser caracterizado adequadamente quanto à massa molar, grau de acetilação e distribuição deste grupo ao longo da cadeia polimérica. Estas características podem influenciar na biodegradabilidade do mesmo, principalmente na acessibilidade enzimática, influenciando a hi...

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“…On the contrary, chitin may be a significant energy source in diets of animals possessing chitinase (Cornelius et al, 1976). In general, chitinases can digest chitin and reduce it into assimilable components suchas N-acetyl-glucosamine (Talent and Gracy, 1996;Jolles and Muzzarelli, 1999;Gardiner, 2000). Western society does not consider insects an important food (De Foliart, 1999); however, crustaceans such as lobsters and shrimps are commonly eaten mostly after discarding the hardened chitin-rich tegument.…”

Section: Chitin Sugestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mlček¹,

Borkovcová²,

Rop³

et al. 2014

j. cent. eur. agric.

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Possibilities of edible insect use in Western countries is now increasingly debated issue. Insects in Asian, African, American and South Central American cultures are mainly nutritional components. In Europe and other developed countries, however, insect is used in different ways, and this issue is viewed from a different angle. Insects are mainly used as feed for animals, in the organic waste recycling systems, in human and veterinary medicine, material production (such as silk) etc. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge about using edible insects in human, veterinary medicine and agriculture, especially from the viewpoint of the biological and chemical content of active substances and the possibilities of further use in these areas.Keywords: antioxidants, chitin, feed, human medicine, insect, insulin, vertebrates, veterinary Abstract in native language (Czech republic)Možnosti využití jedlého hmyzu v západních zemích je nyní stále více diskutovanou otázkou. Hlavní význam jedlého hmyzu v asijských, afrických, amerických (hlavně v jižních a středoamerických) kulturách je dán především nutriční hodnotou. V Evropě a dalších vyspělých zemích je však hmyz využíván, nebo v budoucnu bude využíván, různými způsoby a otázka využití jedlého hmyzu je brána z jiného úhlu pohledu. Hmyz se používá hlavně jako krmivo pro zvířata, v organických systémech 225Journal recyklace odpadů, v humánní (hypertenze, kardiovaskulární choroby) a veterinární medicíně, výroba materiálu (např. hedvábí) atd. Možné vedlejší přínosy výzkumu z hlediska nutričních hodnot a dalšího využití jedlého hmyzu, můžou také zahrnovat vyhledávání nových sloučenin (chitin, chitosan, insulin), biotechnologií (léčba celiakie) a hledání výživového, farmaceutického (včelí jed), veterinárního, průmyslového a kosmetického potenciálu (antimikrobiální a antimykotické látky). Budoucí výzkum se bude také týkat využití extraktů z jedlého hmyzu a dalších látek prospěšných pro lidské zdraví (antioxidační enzymy). Kromě tohoto, může hmyz sloužit jako cenné krmivo, vzhledem k jejich složení, a také jako náhrada obratlovců v experimentálním testování toxických látek. Přes zavedení mnoha chovných center a dalších systémů určených pro využití u hmyzu pro člověka, zvířata a jiné účely, bude však další vědecký výzkum zapotřebí. Tyto otázky jsou a budou předmětem práce mnoha vědců z různých oblastí. V mnoha ohledech se hmyz jeví jako strategická "surovina", s cílem využít tohoto potenciálu pro lidstvo. Je však nutné si uvědomit některé atributy tohoto hlediska, vzít v úvahu negativa a pracovat s pozitivy. Tato souhrnná práce uvádí aktuální znalosti o použití jedlého hmyzu v zemědělství, humánní a veterinární medicíně a to zejména z hlediska biologického a chemického složení účinných látek a možnostech dalšího využití v těchto oblastech.of Central European Agriculture, 2014, 15(4), p.225-237 225 Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2014, 15(4), p.225-237 225 Journal of Central European Agriculture, 2014, 15(4), p.225-237 225 Journal of Central European

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Pilot study of oral polymeric N-acetyl-d-glucosamine as a potential treatment for patients with osteoarthritis

Cited by 59 publications

References 8 publications

Human Gastric Juice Contains Chitinase That Can Degrade Chitin

Human Gastric Juice Contains Chitinase That Can Degrade Chitin

Quitosana: derivados hidrossolúveis, aplicações farmacêuticas e avanços

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