Pine sawdust biochar reduces GHG emission by decreasing microbial and enzyme activities in forest and grassland soils in a laboratory experiment

Pokharel, Prem; Kwak, Jin Hyeob; Ok, Yong Sik; Chang, Scott X.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.343

Cited by 70 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Almost all BCs applied produced a decrease in β-glucosidase activity in the three studied soils (Table 5), decreasing until 35-39% respect to the control soils; which probably affected the C-degradation and the low CO 2 emissions obtained in BC-cow and BC-pig ( Figure 2). Similarly, Pokharel et al [19] find that the application of pine sawdust BC in forest soil affect β-glucosidase after 10 days of incubation (26-35%), while the effect was evidenced at 50 days of incubation in a grassland soil. The effect on β-glucosidase activity could be explained by the high capacity of BCs to adsorb substrates, reducing the availability of soluble substrate for enzymes.…”

Section: Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Different studies have reported variations in GHG emission due to BC applications [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]; Pokharel et al [19] have indicated that the reduction of GHG emissions from forests and grassland soils resulted from a decrease in the extracellular soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass with the addition of pine sawdust BC. However, meta-analyses show variable results respect to soil GHG emissions, where diverse factors as length of experimental studies, BC properties and application rate, soil texture and crop fertilization vary the response of soils at BC application [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation of Greenhouse Gases Fluxes and Soil Properties with Addition of Biochar from Farm-Wastes in Volcanic and Non-Volcanic Soils

2019

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The decomposition of organic wastes contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming. This study evaluated the effect of biochar (BC) produced from different farm wastes (chicken, pig and cow manures) on greenhouse gas emissions and soil chemical and biological properties in different grassland soils (volcanic and non-volcanic soils). A 288-day laboratory experiment was carried out, monitoring CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions and evaluating total C, soil pH, microbial biomass and enzymatic activity in three grassland soils. The results varied depending on the soil type and feedstock of BC produced. BC-cow decreased emissions of CO2 and CH4 fluxes for volcanic and non-volcanic soils, probably due to decreases in β-glucosidase activity. Biochars from cow and pig manures increased soil C content, favouring the persistence of C into the soil at 288-days of incubation. Soil pH increased with the application of BC in the soils.

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Section: Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Greenhouse Gases Fluxes and Soil Properties with Addition of Biochar from Farm-Wastes in Volcanic and Non-Volcanic Soils

2019

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“…Soils amended with biochar at high rate derived from bamboo and rice straw pyrolyzed at 600°C reduced CH 4 emissions from the paddy soil by 51.1% and 91.2%, respectively, in comparison to paddy soil without biochar, while more CO 2 was dissolved in the water under alkaline condition reducing CO 2 emission from the paddy soil at all rates of biochar application evaluated [21]. ere was no significant effect on CH 4 uptake from forest soil and grassland soils applied with pine sawdust-derived biochar produced at 550°C with and without steam activation, but cumulative N 2 O emission significantly reduced by 27.5% and 31.5% in forest soil and 14.8% and 11.7% in the grassland soil, respectively, while cumulative CO 2 emission from the forest soil by 16.4%, but not from the grassland soil as compared to the control soil without biochar [125]. Increased soil organic matter through biochar application has positive impacts on soil physical properties, indirectly contributing to climate change mitigation by decreasing the quantity of N fertilizer required for crop production.…”

Section: Effects On Ghg Emissionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Risk Evaluation of Pyrolyzed Biochar from Multiple Wastes

Ndirangu

Liu

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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This paper aims at demonstrating the significance of biochar risk evaluation and reviewing risk evaluation from the aspects of pyrolysis process, feedstock, and sources of hazards in biochar and their potential effects and the methods used in risk evaluation. Feedstock properties and the resultant biochar produced at different pyrolysis process influence their chemical, physical, and structural properties, which are vital in understanding the functionality of biochar. Biochar use has been linked to some risks in soil application such as biochar being toxic, facilitating GHGs emission, suppression of the effectiveness of pesticides, and effects on soil microbes. These potential risks originate from feedstock, contaminated feedstock, and pyrolysis conditions that favor the creation of characteristics and functional groups of this nature. These toxic compounds formed pose a threat to human health through the food chain. Determination of toxicity levels is a first step in the risk management of toxic biochar. Various sorption methods of biochar utilized low-cost adsorbents, engineered surface functional groups, and nZVI modified biochars. The mechanisms of organic compound removal was through sorption, enhanced sorption, modified biochar, postpyrolysis thermal air oxidation and that of PFRs degradation was through activation, photoactive functional groups, magnetization, and hydrothermal synthesis. Emissions of GHGs in soils amended with biochar emanated through physical and biotic mediated mechanisms. BCNs have a significance in reducing the health quotient indices for PTEs risk contamination by suppressing cancer risk arising from consumption of contaminated food. The degree of environmental risk assessment of HM pollution in biomass and biochars has been determined by using potential ecological risk index and RAC while organic contaminant degradation by EPFRs was considered when assessing the environmental roles of biochar in regulating the fate of contaminants removal. The magnitude of technologies’ net benefit must be considered in relation to the associated risks.

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“…However, this same study reported a decrease in N 2 O emission (up to 63% less) across all soils after biochar applications [52]. Similarly, biochar produced from pine sawdust at 500 • C with or without steam activation decreased CO 2 and N 2 O emission (up to 32% in forest soils), though no differences in CH 4 uptake were detected [53]. Pine biochar reduces GHG emissions by decreasing microbial and enzyme activities [53].…”

Section: Impacts Of Biochar Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Similarly, biochar produced from pine sawdust at 500 • C with or without steam activation decreased CO 2 and N 2 O emission (up to 32% in forest soils), though no differences in CH 4 uptake were detected [53]. Pine biochar reduces GHG emissions by decreasing microbial and enzyme activities [53]. Moreover, by changing the physical (gas diffusivity, aggregation, water retention), chemical (e.g., pH, redox potential, availability of organic and mineral N and dissolved organic C, organo-mineral interactions), and biological properties (e.g., microbial community structure, microbial biomass and activity, macro faunal activity, N cycling enzymes) of soils, biochar influences N mineralization-immobilization, turnover, and nitrification or denitrification processes, all of which ultimately affect N 2 O emissions [51].…”

Section: Impacts Of Biochar Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Enrichment Planting and Soil Amendments Enhance Carbon Sequestration and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agroforestry Systems: A Review

Shrestha

Chang

Bork

et al. 2018

Forests

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Agroforestry practices that intentionally integrate trees with crops and/or livestock in an agricultural production system could enhance carbon (C) sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems, thereby mitigating global climate change. Beneficial management practices such as enrichment planting and the application of soil amendments can affect C sequestration and GHG emissions in agroforestry systems; however, such effects are not well understood. A literature review was conducted to synthesize information on the prospects for enhancing C sequestration and reducing GHG emissions through enrichment (i.e., in-fill) tree planting, a common practice in improving stand density within existing forests, and the application of organic amendments to soils. Our review indicates that in agroforests only a few studies have examined the effect of enrichment planting, which has been reported to increase C storage in plant biomass. The effect of adding organic amendments such as biochar, compost and manure to soil on enhancing C sequestration and reducing GHG emissions is well documented, but primarily in conventional crop production systems. Within croplands, application of biochar derived from various feedstocks, has been shown to increase soil organic C content, reduce CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, and increase CH 4 uptake, as compared to no application of biochar. Depending on the feedstock used to produce biochar, biochar application can reduce N 2 O emission by 3% to 84% as compared to no addition of biochars. On the other hand, application of compost emits less CO 2 and N 2 O as compared to the application of manure, while the application of pelleted manure leads to more N 2 O emission compared to the application of raw manure. In summary, enrichment planting and application of organic soil amendments such as compost and biochar will be better options than the application of raw manure for enhancing C sequestration and reducing GHG emissions. However, there is a shortage of data to support these practices in the field, and thus further research on the effect of these two areas of management intervention on C cycling will be imperative to developing best management practices to enhance C sequestration and minimize GHG emissions from agroforestry systems.

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Pine sawdust biochar reduces GHG emission by decreasing microbial and enzyme activities in forest and grassland soils in a laboratory experiment

Cited by 70 publications

References 61 publications

Variation of Greenhouse Gases Fluxes and Soil Properties with Addition of Biochar from Farm-Wastes in Volcanic and Non-Volcanic Soils

Variation of Greenhouse Gases Fluxes and Soil Properties with Addition of Biochar from Farm-Wastes in Volcanic and Non-Volcanic Soils

Risk Evaluation of Pyrolyzed Biochar from Multiple Wastes

Enrichment Planting and Soil Amendments Enhance Carbon Sequestration and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agroforestry Systems: A Review

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