Pingmu Decoction Induces Orbital Preadipocytes Apoptosis In Vitro

Abstract

Pingmu Decoction is the Traditional Chinese Medicine which has treated Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) in the inactive stage for more than ten years. This study was to explore the mechanism of Pingmu Decoction of inhibiting preadipocytes in GO patients from differentiating into mature adipocytes. Human orbital preadipocytes were isolated and cultured through tissue explant method. Orbital preadipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes. The medicinal serum was prepared from rats. The cells were treated with medicinal serum which were divided into three groups, low dose group (5%), medium dose group (10%), and high dose group (20%). The cells viabilities were observed by Oil Red O staining, MTT method, and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Effect of Pingmu Decoction on cell apoptosis rate of orbital matured adipocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The genes Fas and Fas L from cell groups were tested by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The expression of master adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferation-activity receptor (PPAR) γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α, was tested by Western blotting. Pingmu Decoction could reduce orbital preadipocytes viability and induce apoptosis of mature adipocyte via Fas/Fas L signaling pathway. Pingmu Decoction reduced lipid accumulation and downregulated the expression of PPAR γ and C/EBP α. Pingmu Decoction may play a therapeutic effect by reducing the accumulation of orbital adipocytes.

Current and promising therapies based on the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy

“…Extract from Effect and mechanism PPARγ and C/EBPα. This outcome implies that Pingmu Decoction might hold therapeutic promise for GO by mitigating orbital adipocyte accumulation (Zhang et al, 2017). Additional research substantiates Pingmu Decoction's efficacy in mitigating GO progression.…”

“…By diminishing the viability of orbital preadipocytes and triggering apoptosis in mature adipocytes via the Fas/Fas L signaling pathway, Pingmu Decoction effectively curbs lipid accumulation and reduces the expression of key regulators like PPARγ and C/EBPα. This outcome implies that Pingmu Decoction might hold therapeutic promise for GO by mitigating orbital adipocyte accumulation ( Zhang et al, 2017 ). Additional research substantiates Pingmu Decoction’s efficacy in mitigating GO progression.…”

Traditional Chinese medicine in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

“…The inhibition of adipogenesis by icariin, which decreased p-AMPK and increased p-mTOR levels in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies, was probably mediated by the suppression of autophagy through AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, Pingmu decoction (composed of a mixture of herbs including Epimedium Brevicornu Maxim ) reduced viability/proliferation of TAO-preadipocytes and induced apoptosis of TAO-adipocytes, by activating programmed cell death via Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathway [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by Natural Products for the Treatment of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease

“…Zhigan prescription [4,51] Ability to reduce mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial swelling in liver tissues, and ability to regulate mitochondrial autophagy MALFD rat models induced by a high-fat diet Shiwei Ganzhikang capsules [52] Protection and repair of the mitochondrial membranes of liver cells and ability to promote the recovery of liver cell functions MALFD rat models induced by high-fat diets Allium Fistulosum bulbus [53,54] Improves mitochondrial respiratory function, increases mitochondrial biosynthesis, and promotes fatty acid oxidation MALFD rat models induced by a high-fat diet Blueberry [55] Reduction of lipid peroxides, regulation of energy metabolism in hepatocyte mitochondria, maintenance of the balance between oxidation and antioxidation, and reduced oxidative stress responses in the liver MALFD rat models induced by a high-fat diet Sibiraea angustata [56] Strengthen β-oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria MALFD rat models induced by a high-fat diet…”