Pinned Hybrid Glass-Flax Composite Laminates Aged in Salt-Fog Environment: Mechanical Durability

Calabrese, Luigi; Fiore, Vincenzo; Bruzzaniti, Paolo; Scalici, T.; Valenza, A.

doi:10.3390/polym12010040

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition, the degradation phenomena of natural fibers are accelerated in seawater due to the presence of salts such as NaCl [27]. This latter is dissolved in the form of Na + cations and Cl − anions, which, being able to spread within the composite structure, favor local damages especially in its interstitial areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment

2020

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Over the last decades, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPs) gained great attention in several engineering fields thanks to the reduction of the environmental impact and the end-of-life cost disposal. Unfortunately, the use of NFRPs is limited, mainly due to their weak resistance against humid environments. Since limited literature is available about the evolution of the dynamic mechanical response of NFRPs under aggressive environments, this paper aims to investigate the damping properties of flax, jute and flax/jute epoxy composites exposed to salt-fog up to 60 days. Furthermore, sodium bicarbonate fiber treatment was performed to improve the composites’ durability. The effectiveness of treatment was evidenced for full flax-reinforced composites, whereas no beneficial effect was found for jute composites. Moreover, treated hybrid laminates having outer laminae reinforced with flax showed better damping behavior than their hybrid counterparts during the whole aging campaign.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment

2020

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“…[16][17][18] It is obvious with an increase in the percentage of yarn with higher tensile properties in a hybrid braided structure, leads to an increase in the braid's tensile strength. 19,20 Tensile properties are one of the most important mechanical properties in describing materials and structures and the study of the tensile properties is one of the essential parts in the structure's production. The investigation of the mechanical behavior of the braided structures and braided composite structures under tensile load was studied in different years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and theoretical investigation into the effect of braiding angle and combination on a tensile modulus of the tubular biaxial hybrid braids

Ghamkhar

Johari

Hosseini‐Toudeshky

2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Due to the numerous and growing programs and applications of braid structures, understanding and predicting the mechanical behaviors of these structures is essential for engineers. In this paper, 12 tubular biaxial hybrid braids with different combinations and braiding angles were produced. They are made of two different yarns that one of them is a high-performance yarn and the other is an ordinary yarn. The tensile modulus as a mechanical property of a braided structure was compared in the different braiding angles and hybridization under the uniaxial tensile test. In addition to the experimental and statistical study presented in this research, a theoretical equation was also proposed to predict the tensile modulus of biaxial hybrid braided structures. The theoretical and experimental values are close. Also, statistical analysis of the proposed model showed the same results as statistical analysis of experimental results. So, it seems that the modified equation can be valuable and helpful. Also, several peaks in the second part of the load-extension diagram of hybrid braid observed that by increasing the amount of yarn with higher tensile properties in the hybrid braid structure, the number of peaks decreases. This is due to the fundamental difference in the type of yarn used in the production of hybrid braids. It could be said that this research may be a good start for future research on braid structures as advanced engineering materials.

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“…Under these conditions, typical of several application fields (e.g., building, aerospace, nautical, automotive and so on), some structural design issues can emerge due to the difficult identification of the real strength limit of aged materials [ 23 ]. To overcome this issue, also avoiding unexpected and premature failures of the joint, a possible solution can be represented by the hybridization of flax fibers by using them together with stronger and more corrosion resistance fibers [ 24 , 25 ]. In this context, it was proved that the use of synthetic fibers, such as glass, as a reinforcement of pinned composite laminates allows to better retain their mechanical performances when exposed to hostile environments such as marine [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Glass Fiber Hybridization on the Durability in Salt-Fog Environment of Pinned Flax Composites

Fiore

Calabrese

2021

Polymers

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The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of the hybridization with external layers of glass fibers on the durability of flax fiber reinforced composites in severe aging conditions. To this scope, full glass, full flax and hybrid glass–flax pinned laminates were exposed to a salt-fog environment for up to 60 days. Double-lap pinned joint tests were performed to assess the pin-hole joints performances at varying the laminate stacking sequence. In order to better discriminate the relationship between the mechanical behavior and the fracture mechanisms of joints at increasing the aging time, different geometries (i.e., by varying both the hole diameter D and the free edge distance from the center of the hole E) were investigated after 0 (i.e., unaged samples), 30 and 60 days of salt-fog exposition. It was shown that the hybridization positively affects the mechanical performance as well as the stability of pinned composites: i.e., improvements in both strength and durability against the salt-fog environment were evidenced. Indeed, the hybrid laminate exhibited a reduction in the bearing strength of about 20% after 60 days of aging, despite to full flax laminate, for which a total reduction in the bearing strength of 29% was observed. Finally, a simplified joint failure map was assessed, which clusters the main failure mechanisms observed for pinned composites at varying aging conditions, thus assisting the joining design of flax–glass hybrid laminates.

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Pinned Hybrid Glass-Flax Composite Laminates Aged in Salt-Fog Environment: Mechanical Durability

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment

An experimental and theoretical investigation into the effect of braiding angle and combination on a tensile modulus of the tubular biaxial hybrid braids

Effect of Glass Fiber Hybridization on the Durability in Salt-Fog Environment of Pinned Flax Composites

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