Piper betle: a review on its bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties, and extraction process

Abstract

Piper betle is a well-known medicinal plant that cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia. This plant is made up of a large number of bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids (quercetin), eugenol, hydroxychavicol and chavibetol that represent the major components of the plant. This plant has been extensively studied for its pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer. Many techniques have been used in Piper betle extraction such as soxhlet extraction, sonication extraction, maceration, ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Various benefits of Piper betle extract have been well utilized by the production of numerous types of plant-based products and to date, research on new products based on Piper betle is still being done. Application of Piper betle extract resulting in wide possibilities of usage in future product development. The quality and safety of Piper betle studies provide by toxicity test shows the Piper betle extract exhibit little to none toxicity level at respective concentration. This article aims to present a review of previous studies and research works conducted on Piper betle to serve as a source of additional information for future research related to the Piper betle.

Evaluation of Piper Betle L. Extracts and Its Antivirulence Activity Towards P. Aeruginosa

“…Piper betle common name differ from one to another based on locality such as Sirih in Malaysia and Indonesia, Paan in India and Kun in Myanmar [3,4]. Piper betle substantially cultivated in East Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Singapore, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka [3,5]. Piper betle is a medium to large-sized climbers' plants that can grow up to 20 meters if left unattended [6].…”

“…The plant basically delicate plant to grow off the tropical region [4]. Piper betle preferred warm and humid condition with neutral soil bed between pH 7 to 7.5 [4,5]. Piper betle is used in traditional medicine to treat open wounds and bruises [5,9,10].…”

“…Piper betle preferred warm and humid condition with neutral soil bed between pH 7 to 7.5 [4,5]. Piper betle is used in traditional medicine to treat open wounds and bruises [5,9,10]. The previous study exhibits Piper betle as a medium in antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents [5,11,12] Piper betle have been actively researched on capability as antibacterial medium.…”

“…Piper betle is used in traditional medicine to treat open wounds and bruises [5,9,10]. The previous study exhibits Piper betle as a medium in antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents [5,11,12] Piper betle have been actively researched on capability as antibacterial medium. Previous research of Piper betle against a different types of bacterial strain shown a positive outcome on antimicrobial activity.…”

Potential of plant as antiparasite for fish

“…Other active compounds contained in plants, including polypeptides, lectins, polyphenols, alkaloids, quinones, terpenoids, phenolics, have proven to be very effective alternatives to antibiotics [12] . However, each type of plant has specific bioactive compounds that are not contained in other types of plants, such as the betel plant (Paper betle L.) besides containing flavonoids and tannins, it also contains specific compounds eugenol, chavibetol and hydroxychavicol and essential oils that act as antimicrobials and antioxidants [13] . Specific bioactive compounds contained in garlic are allicin and organosulfur compounds that function as antioxidants, anti-microbial and anti-carcinogenic [14] .…”