Piper sarmentosum Roxb. methanolic extract prevents stress-induced gastric ulcer by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation

Abstract

This study investigated the gastroprotective effect of Piper sarmentosum (PS) on stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats by measuring its effect on oxidative stress, gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory biomarkers. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; two control groups (non-stress and stress) and two treated groups supplemented with either methanolic PS extract (500 mg/kg body weight) or omeprazole (OMZ; 20 mg/kg) orally. After 28 days of treatment, the stress control, PS, and OMZ groups were subjected to water-immersion restrain stress (WIRS) for 3.5 h. Gastric tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), SOD mRNA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured. WIRS significantly increased gastric MDA, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels compared to the non-stressed control group. PS and omeprazole supplementation significantly reduced WIRS-exposure-induced gastric ulcers and MDA, iNOS, and IL-1β levels. However, only PS reduced NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, which were upregulated in this ulcer model. In conclusion, the gastroprotection afforded by PS is possibly mediated by gastric mucosal NO normalization through reduced iNOS expression and attenuation of inflammatory cytokines. PS showed a greater protective effect than omeprazole in reducing gastric lesions and NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, and iNOS expression.

An Overview of the Spices Used for the Prevention and Potential Treatment of Gastric Cancer

“…On a group of test rats, Piper sarmentosum supplementation significantly reduced the results of gastric lesions and, interestingly, proved more effective than omeprazole. This study shows that oral Piper sarmentosum supplementation supports protection against the occurrence of gastric lesions, so it is a potential therapeutic agent for gastric ulcers [56]. Unfortunately, studies to date do not describe a direct effect of Piper sarmentosum on gastric cancer.…”

Gastroprotective effects of Pikad Tri-phol-sa-mut-than herbal remedy on multiple gastric ulcer models in rats

“…Stress is a body response to harmful stimuli. It has been reported that stress-induced gastric ulceration is associated with mortality [ 42 , 43 ]. Restrain water immersion stress-induced gastric ulcer is a model widely used for investigating drugs that can be used to treat diseases related to stress [ 44 , 45 ].…”

“…Restrain water immersion stress-induced gastric ulcer is a model widely used for investigating drugs that can be used to treat diseases related to stress [ 44 , 45 ]. Stress-induced gastric ulcer is related to vagal overactivity, oxidative stress and free radical generation, and the decrease of gastric mucosal blood flow, resulting in gastric ulcer formation [ 42 , 46 , 47 ]. In the present study, TS significantly reduced gastric lesions in restraint water immersion stress-induced ulcer.…”

In silico identification of compounds from Piper sarmentosum Roxb leaf fractionated extract inhibit interleukin-6 to prevent rheumatoid arthritis

“…The leaves and aerial parts of the plant have been particularly significant in these compound discoveries. Several pharmacological agents, including antiosteoporosis ( Suhana Mohd Ramli et al, 2012 ; Ekeuku et al, 2023 ; Zainol Abidin et al, 2023 ), anti-inflammatory agents ( Zakaria et al, 2010 ; Makchuchit et al, 2017 ; Akmal et al, 2022 ), antioxidants ( Ugusman et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2017 ), antimalarial agents ( Najib Nik A Rahman et al, 1999 ), antimicrobial agents ( Masuda et al, 1991 ), antihypertensive agents ( Mohd Zainudin et al, 2015 ; Othman et al, 2022 ), antidiabetic agents ( Othman et al, 2022 ; Nguyen et al, 2023 ), anticancer agents ( Zainal Ariffin et al, 2009 ; Hematpoor et al, 2018 ) and neuroprotective ( Ridtitid et al, 1998 ; Yeo et al, 2018 )agents, have been found.…”