Pirimiphos‐methyl and benalaxyl losses in surface runoff from plots cultivated with potatoes

Patakioutas, Georgios; Karras, Georgios; Hela, Dimitra; Albanis, Triantafyllos A.

doi:10.1002/ps.589

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition to application patterns and geographical and meteorological conditions, the physicochemical properties of an insecticide (such as its hydrophobicity) are crucial components of its potential to enter a surface water via runoff (36,37). Empirical studies (38,39) suggest that lower runoff losses to surface waters occur for strongly sorbed compounds. This potential provides opportunities for the more efficient use of insecticides based on modeling of their runoff potential.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural insecticides threaten surface waters at the global scale

Stehle

Schulz

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

587

363

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Compared with nutrient levels and habitat degradation, the importance of agricultural pesticides in surface water may have been underestimated due to a lack of comprehensive quantitative analysis. Increasing pesticide contamination results in decreasing regional aquatic biodiversity, i.e., macroinvertebrate family richness is reduced by ∼30% at pesticide concentrations equaling the legally accepted regulatory threshold levels (RTLs). This study provides a comprehensive metaanalysis of 838 peer-reviewed studies (>2,500 sites in 73 countries) that evaluates, for the first time to our knowledge on a global scale, the exposure of surface waters to particularly toxic agricultural insecticides. We tested whether measured insecticide concentrations (MICs; i.e., quantified insecticide concentrations) exceed their RTLs and how risks depend on insecticide development over time and stringency of environmental regulation. Our analysis reveals that MICs occur rarely (i.e., an estimated 97.4% of analyses conducted found no MICs) and there is a complete lack of scientific monitoring data for ∼90% of global cropland. Most importantly, of the 11,300 MICs, 52.4% (5,915 cases; 68.5% of the sites) exceeded the RTL for either surface water (RTL SW ) or sediments. Thus, the biological integrity of global water resources is at a substantial risk. RTL SW exceedances depend on the catchment size, sampling regime, and sampling date; are significantly higher for newer-generation insecticides (i.e., pyrethroids); and are high even in countries with stringent environmental regulations. These results suggest the need for worldwide improvements to current pesticide regulations and agricultural pesticide application practices and for intensified research efforts on the presence and effects of pesticides under real-world conditions. global surface waters | insecticide contamination | agriculture | regulatory risk assessment | biodiversity

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural insecticides threaten surface waters at the global scale

Stehle

Schulz

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

587

363

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“…On the other hand, the nonenantioselective dissipation in other soils does not necessarily indicate the absence or reduced importance of biological degradation. Patakioutas et al 10 reported that benalaxyl is slowly degraded by micro-organisms in soil to various acidic metabolites. Thus, the difference of the degradation behavior of benalaxyl among the test soils in the present study may be explained that the different soil types may contain different micro-organisms, which preferentially degrade one enantiomer.…”

Section: Stereoselective Degradation In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 The biodegradation and metabolism of racemic benalaxyl in water, soils, and different plants has been studied extensively and results have demonstrated that the degradation of this chemical in soil is a microbiologically mediated process. [10][11][12][13] This biological process potentially exposes chiral compounds to stereoselective degradation, and similarly, it can be expected that the behavior and the reaction of these compounds with chiral structures (protein such as metabolizing enzymes) of biological systems (plants) are stereospecific. 3 As far as we know, enantioselective degradation of benalaxyl in the environmental matrix has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoselective degradation of fungicide benalaxyl in soils and cucumber plants

et al. 2007

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The enantioselective degradation of benalaxyl has been investigated to elucidate its behavior in several agricultural soils and plants (cucumber). Racemic benalaxyl was fortified into five types of agricultural soils and sprayed leaves of cucumber plants, respectively. The degradation kinetics and the enantiomer fraction (EF) were determined by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) on the chiral column filled cellulose-tri-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral stationary phase (CDMPC-CSP). The process of the degradation of benalaxyl enantiomers followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in cucumber plant. However, the dissipation phases of benalaxyl enantiomers in soils were biphasic ("slow-fast-slow" process). It has been shown that the degradation of benalaxyl was stereoselective. The results indicated that the (+)-S-benalaxyl showed a faster degradation in plants, while the (-)-R-benalaxyl showed a faster degradation in Soils 3, 4, and 5. No stereoselective degradation was observed in other soils.

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“…The adsorptiondesorption studies recovered 83-97% of the pesticide, the persistence studies showed a half-life of 11.5-12.9 days and a persistence beyond 90 days, and the leaching studies recovered 0.02-0.04% from the leachate. Patakioutas et al (2002) reported on the losses of pirimiphos-methyl and benalaxyl in runoff water from clay soil cultivated potato plots of varying soil surface slopes. The surface slope and sorption capacities for the two compounds were the main parameters influencing the transport of these pesticides.…”

Section: Fate and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides and Herbicides

Bhandari¹,

Kang²,

Starrett³

2000

Water Environment Research

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This review summarizes the most current technical literature dealing with pesticides and herbicides in the environment. Citations included in this review focus primarily on analytical methods, monitoring, fate and transport, transformation, and treatment strategies as related to pesticides and herbicides in soils, sediments, surface water, and groundwater. ANALYTICAL METHODSOver the past year, several scientists reported on the use of assays for pesticide detection. Wang et al. (2002a) developed an antibody-based rapid test for carbaryl and methoprene for grain handlers to estimate residues of grain protectants in the field. The test had a detection limit of 4.5 ppb (1.1 ppm in grain) for carbaryl and 4 ppb (1 ppm in grain) for methoprene. The variable domains of a triazine-selective single-chain Fv were genetically engineered by stringent molecular evolution in order to optimize analytical characteristics of the corresponding atrazine immunoassay (Kramer, 2002). The application of the mutant antibodies for the atrazine determination of soil samples revealed consistency with HPLC data within the experimental error. Maqbool et al. (2002) developed an ELISA technique for the analysis of atrazine in water with a detection limit of 1 ng/L. Additionally, a rapid and efficient method for the Literature Review 2003 2 selective extraction of s-triazine herbicides in environmental samples was developed using an immunosorbent of monoclonal antiatrazine antibodies, which were encapsulated in a sol-gel glass matrix (Stalikas et al., 2002). High performance liquid chromatography was the primary analytical technique used in two studies. Bassett et al. (2002) developed a high performance liquid chromatographic method to meet the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) Survey need for the analysis of phenylurea pesticides in drinking waters. A molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized using the herbicide metsulfuronmethyl as a template, 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid as a functional monomer, divinylbenzene as a cross-linker, and dichloromethane as a porogen (Zhu et al., 2002). This polymer was used as a solid-phase extraction material for the quantitative enrichment of five sulfonylureas (nicosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, sulfometuron-methyl, and chlorsulfuron) in natural water and soil samples and off-line coupled to a reversed-phase HPLC/diode array detection. Gas chromatography and solid phase extraction was used for analysis of several pesticides. Duseja and Martindale (2002) compared the results of HPLC with GC analyses on oxyflourfen. The comparison proved that the GC analysis held a high recovery percentage for soils with a MDL of at least 0.005 µg/g, allowing considerable savings of time and labor versus HPLC. Boussahel et al. (2002) reported on the use of solid-phase micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with an electron capture detector for the analysis of Literature Review 2003 4 algal cell suspensions for the screenin...

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Pirimiphos‐methyl and benalaxyl losses in surface runoff from plots cultivated with potatoes

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Agricultural insecticides threaten surface waters at the global scale

Agricultural insecticides threaten surface waters at the global scale

Stereoselective degradation of fungicide benalaxyl in soils and cucumber plants

Pesticides and Herbicides

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