piRNAs and PIWI Proteins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Genitourinary Cancers

Hanusek, Karolina; Poletajew, Sławomir; Kryst, Piotr; Piekiełko-Witkowska, Agnieszka; Bogusławska, Joanna

doi:10.3390/biom12020186

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…RNAPol II is responsible for producing long single-stranded RNA precursors which are matured into fragments of 25–40 nt by the endonuclease MitoPLD/Zucchini (Zuc). The final length of the mature piRNA depends on the target PIWI proteins to which the piRNA binds [ 38 , 62 ].…”

Section: Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide range of ways by which piRNAs can regulate gene expression suggests that these piRNAs are more powerful regulators than the better-known miRNAs. The mechanisms of action of these ncRNAs require the association of ncRNA to the PIWI proteins to suppress expression of transposable elements, and their transcription could be regulated by DNA methylation or histone modification [ 62 ].…”

Section: Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non Coding RNAs as Regulators of Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo Pathways in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

et al. 2022

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Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiomyopathy histologically characterized by the replacement of myocardium by fibrofatty infiltration, cardiomyocyte loss, and inflammation. ACM has been defined as a desmosomal disease because most of the mutations causing the disease are located in genes encoding desmosomal proteins. Interestingly, the instable structures of these intercellular junctions in this disease are closely related to a perturbed Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Imbalance in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and also in the crosslinked Hippo pathway leads to the transcription of proadipogenic and profibrotic genes. Aiming to shed light on the mechanisms by which Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo pathways modulate the progression of the pathological ACM phenotype, the study of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has emerged as a potential source of actionable targets. ncRNAs comprise a wide range of RNA species (short, large, linear, circular) which are able to finely tune gene expression and determine the final phenotype. Some share recognition sites, thus referred to as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), and ensure a coordinating action. Recent cancer research studies regarding the key role of ceRNAs in Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo pathways modulation pave the way to better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ACM.

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Section: Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non Coding RNAs as Regulators of Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo Pathways in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

et al. 2022

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“…The biogenesis and role of piRNA in several cancer localizations at once have been studied ( Guo et al, 2020 ). A number of studies suggest that piRNAs are involved in oncogenesis through their influence on genes, but how this occurs remains unknown ( Fonseca et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2022a ; Zhang et al, 2022a ; Zhang et al, 2022b ; Cai et al, 2022 ; Zhang et al, 2022c ; Hanusek et al, 2022 ). In recent years, the study of piRNAs has continued to receive a great deal of attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

piRNAs may regulate expression of candidate genes of esophageal adenocarcinoma

et al. 2022

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Elucidation of ways to regulate the expression of candidate cancer genes will contribute to the development of methods for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The aim of the present study was to show the role of piRNAs as efficient regulators of mRNA translation of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) candidate genes. We used bioinformatic methods to study the interaction characteristics of up to 200 thousand piRNAs with mRNAs of 38 candidate EAC genes. The piRNAs capable of binding to mRNA of AR, BTG3, CD55, ERBB3, FKBP5, FOXP1, LEP, SEPP1, SMAD4, and TP53 genes with high free energy by the formation of hydrogen bonds between canonical (G-C, A-U) and noncanonical (G-U, A-C) piRNA and mRNA nucleotide pairs were revealed. The organization of piRNA binding sites (BSs) in the mRNA of candidate genes was found to overlap nucleotide sequences to form clusters. Clusters of piRNA BSs were detected in the 5′-untranslated region, coding domain sequence, and 3′-untranslated region of mRNA. Due to the formation of piRNA binding site clusters, compaction of BSs occurs and competition between piRNAs for binding to mRNA of candidate EAC genes occurs. Associations of piRNA and candidate genes were selected for use as markers for the diagnosis of EAC.

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“…Recent studies have shown that other proteins could be used as markers for their diagnostic and prognostic values, including P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins (Jiang et al, 2021;Hanusek et al, 2022). Some of these biomarkers have been proposed as potential, accurate, simple and noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HCC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P- element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI), a Novel Powerful Candidate Diagnostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hammad

Mamdouh

Seoudi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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P-Element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins are engaged in epigenetic regulation of gene expression in germline cells when they are in combination with PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA). Different types of tumour cells have been found to exhibit abnormal expression of piRNA and PIWI proteins. HCC is majorly diagnosed in later stages, which is associated with lower survival rates. There is an urgent need for improved, more specific and less invasive diagnostic methods that can detect earlier stages of the disease. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential by determining the expression profiles of PIWI-like protein-1, -2, -3, & -4 (PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3, & PIWIL4) in hepatocellular carcinoma, and determine its association with clinicopathological features. Methods: Samples from patients comprising serum and frozen fragments of paired tissue specimens (tumour and adjacent non-malignant liver tissue) were employed for molecular analyses. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on 50 tissue and serum samples from HCC patients and 25 serum samples from healthy controls. Results: The PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PIWIL3, & PIWIL4 levels were significantly (<0.001) higher in both HCC tissue and serum samples than in the controls. Additionally, the diagnostic performance was assessed by ROC curves, the PIWIL1-4 levels in serum showed better potential and sensitivity to screen HCC patients than their levels in tissues. Moreover, some PIWIL elements were found here to be significantly correlated with the HCC profile. Conclusion: PIWI expression is considered as a powerful non-invasive diagnostic tool for HCC. Our findings also support the theory that PIWIL expression is critical for cancer progression.

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piRNAs and PIWI Proteins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Genitourinary Cancers

Cited by 17 publications

References 208 publications

Non Coding RNAs as Regulators of Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo Pathways in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

Non Coding RNAs as Regulators of Wnt/β-Catenin and Hippo Pathways in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

piRNAs may regulate expression of candidate genes of esophageal adenocarcinoma

P- element Induced Wimpy Testis (PIWI), a Novel Powerful Candidate Diagnostic Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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