Piston Ring Microwelding Phenomenon and Methods of Prevention

Shuster, Mark; Mahler, F.; Macy, Duane; Frame, R.; Deis, Mick

doi:10.4271/960745

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As one of the most representative systems of the engine, piston ring assembly has been widely studied [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Comfort [11] associated the piston ring assembly with 45-50% of the mechanical losses of a heavy-duty diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Tribometer for the Automotive Industry: Development and Experimental Validation

et al. 2021

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Background In automotive engineering, the piston ring-cylinder liner pair is among the most studied contacts. From the three piston rings of a conventional internal combustion engine, the top compression ring has a crucial role. The main challenge is to prevent that during the engine lifecycle, the degradation of the piston ring surface might limit the engine's durability. Objective However, a reliable evaluation of the piston rings tribological response requires a steady method. To test and study the tribological performance of the ring-liner pair, the development of a customized test rig is presented in this work. Methods The new oscillating tribometer will test and study the performance of new and commercial piston rings and cylinder liner solutions. According to the foreseen engine operation, four conditions were appointed to perform the control tests, and a testing protocol was established. The selected stainless-steel piston rings were coated with a diamond-like carbon layer, and the cylinder liner parts had the typical plateau honed texture in the contact surface. The friction force measures were recorded. It was also investigated the influence of distinct parameters (such as temperature and contact pressure) in the friction coefficient of this pair. Results According to the exploratory tests, the major COF was registered for the testing condition with a lower load. In contrast, the lower COF values were recorded for those conditions with superior normal loads and temperatures. Conclusions The functionality of the developed test rig was verified to evaluate the ring's performance and the liner contact.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Tribometer for the Automotive Industry: Development and Experimental Validation

et al. 2021

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“…To minimize ring scuffing, it is necessary to understand how rings pass over ports. Several studies have reported on the wear on the sliding face of rings (1), (2) , and the microwelding on the side face of ring (3) in two-stroke engines. However, no full reports measure ring behavior in two-stroke engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piston Ring Projection and Catching in Cylinder Ports of Two-Stroke Cycle Engine

Nakashima

Fuma

Kurokawa

et al. 2012

JAMDSM

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In a two-stroke cycle engine, the piston and its piston rings slide over the cylinder wall and its cylinder ports. This study investigates how those piston rings project and catch in cylinder ports, and examines the effects of engine speed and round chamfered ports on projection and catching. Strain gauges were installed on the bottom of the top and second rings, over the intake and exhaust ports. The variation of strain was then observed over each engine cycle. The piston behavior was then analyzed to consider ring projection and catching in ports. Results suggest the rings indeed project and catch in the ports, immediately after the piston moves from the intake port side to the exhaust port side, and again when the piston continues moving along the exhaust port on the upward stroke. Engine speed had a minimal effect on this projection and catching. However, larger round chamfered ports might decrease the second ring projection and catching in the exhaust port.

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“…In comparison, wear at the interface between the piston ring and the piston has been neglected, yet wear does occur, both normal and failure related. Some experimental studies using test engines and laboratory tribometers are evident in the literature [22,23], and researchers have also investigated the possible wear mechanisms, highlighting the role of adhesive wear [22,24]. Modelling has been confined to the study of contact pressures between the ring and the piston groove, yielding peak local pressures of 50-100 bar at the inner and outermost edges of the bottom flank of a top piston ring for a diesel engine [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental simulation of impact and sliding wear in the top piston ring groove of a gasoline engine

Barrell

Priest

Taylor

2004

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The influence of normal impact and sliding on wear and surface damage at the lubricated interface between the top piston ring and the piston was investigated using a specially adapted tribometer. Standard production components were tested, the piston rings being nitrocarburized steel with a production lapped finish and the pistons a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, either tin-plated or hard anodized. Experiments were undertaken at loads, velocities and temperatures comparable with a modern automotive, four-stroke, gasoline engine, either dry or lubricated with a fully formulated SAE 10W30 engine oil. Lubricant starvation was found to be the most critical operational parameter leading to surface damage and wear. An important phenomenon observed was the tendency of piston material to transfer and adhere to the ring surface, so-called ‘microwelding’. Anodizing was shown to be a very effective treatment to resist microwelding, although it is regarded as an expensive solution by the automotive industry. The experimental observations are consistent with fatigue wear of the piston groove, followed by material transfer to the piston ring flank and accelerated wear during sliding.

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Piston Ring Microwelding Phenomenon and Methods of Prevention

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

A New Tribometer for the Automotive Industry: Development and Experimental Validation

A New Tribometer for the Automotive Industry: Development and Experimental Validation

Piston Ring Projection and Catching in Cylinder Ports of Two-Stroke Cycle Engine

Experimental simulation of impact and sliding wear in the top piston ring groove of a gasoline engine

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