Pitch angle distribution of trapped energetic protons and helium isotope nuclei measured along the Resurs-01 No. 4 LEO satellite

Leonov, A.; Cyamukungu, Mathias; Cabrera, J.; Leleux, Pierre; Lemaire, J.; Gregorie, G.; Benck, Sylvie; Mikhailov, V. V.; Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A. M.; Koldashov, S. V.; Voronov, S. A.; Casolino, M.; Pascale, Marco De; Picozza, P.; Sparvolli, R; Ricci, M.

doi:10.5194/angeo-23-2983-2005

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to these data, an anisotropy index increase from A  12 at L = 1.25 to A  60 at L = 1.15, and do not depends on L at L = 1.25-1.40. These results are supported by the data of the satellite Resurs-01-N4 for the protons with E = 12-15 MeV which obtained at h  800 km (Leonov et al, 2005). They will be taken into account in our calculations.…”

Section: Spatial-energy Distributions Of the Erb Protons Outside The Equatorial Planesupporting

confidence: 84%

Distribution of the Earth's radiation belts protons over the drift frequency of particles

Kovtyukh¹

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. On the base of generalized data on the proton fluxes of the Earth's radiation belts (ERB) with energy from E ~ 0.2 MeV to 100 MeV at drift shells L from ~ 1 to 8, constructed stationary distributions of the ERB protons over the drift frequency fd of protons around the Earth. For this, direct measurements of proton fluxes of the ERB in the period 1961–2017 near the plane of the geomagnetic equator were used. The main physical processes in the ERB manifested more clearly in these distributions, and for protons with fd > 0.5 mHz at L > 3 distributions of the ERB protons in the space {fd, L} have a more orderly form than in the space {E, L}. It has been found also that the quantity of the ERB protons with fd ~ 1–10 mHz at L ~ 2 does not decrease, as for protons with E > 10–20 MeV (with fd > 10 mHz), but increases with an increase in solar activity. This means that the balance of radial transport and losses of the ERB low-energy protons at L ~ 2 is disrupt in advantage of transport: for these protons, the effect of an increase in the radial diffusion rates with increasing in solar activity overpowers the effect of an increase in the density of the dissipative medium.

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Section: Spatial-energy Distributions Of the Erb Protons Outside The Equatorial Planesupporting

confidence: 84%

Distribution of the Earth's radiation belts protons over the drift frequency of particles

Kovtyukh¹

2020

Preprint

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“…They traverse the tenuous upper atmosphere and the resulting nuclear collisions lead to secondary particles that follow similar trajectories to the protons, a significant fraction of which thereby are also trapped and form a secondary radiation belt. Isotopes of trapped hydrogen ( 2 H, 3 H) and helium ( 3 He, 4 He) have been observed from several low‐altitude satellites [ Wefel et al , 1995; Chen et al , 1996; Looper et al , 1996, 1998; Selesnick and Mewaldt , 1996; Bakaldin et al , 2002; Bidoli et al , 2003; Leonov et al , 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of the secondary radiation belt

2008

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[1] Products of nuclear reactions between primary radiation belt protons and constituents of the tenuous upper atmosphere form a collocated secondary radiation belt. A calculation of the time-dependent secondary intensity provides a model specification of this environmental component for low-and medium-altitude satellite orbits. It is based on an earlier model of the radiation belt protons, the novel feature being a determination of the secondary source function from nuclear reaction cross sections. All long-lived secondary products are included, isotopes of H and He being dominant while the heavier Li to O isotopes are present at relatively low levels. Secondary protons are shown to be a minor correction to the primary radiation belt.

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“…10b, were fulfilled for L values less than 1.2, where the flux value is decreased more sharply with trapped particles' energy increasing. Besides, the value of the trapped proton flux at L∼1.2 (Leonov et al, 2005) is varied with equator pitch-angle more than an order of magnitude near the loss cone. It could be seen from the SAMPEX PSB97 (Heynderickx et al, 1999) model data fluxes at L=1.2 for the equator pitch angle values 64 • and 66 • , which are also shown in Fig.…”

Section: Measurements Of Geomagnetically Trapped Hydrogen and Helium mentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurements of light high-energy ions in NINA-2 experiment

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The flux of energetic light ions at low altitude is both an important input and output for self-consistent calculations of albedo particles resulting from the interaction of trapped and cosmic ray particles, with the upper atmosphere. In addition, data on the flux of light ions are needed to evaluate radiation damages on space-borne instruments and on space mission crews. In spite of that, sources of data on the flux of energetic ions at LEO are roughly limited to the AP-8 model, CREME/CREME96 codes and the SAMPEX, NOAA/TIROS satellites. The existing and operational European SAC-C/ICARE and PROBA-1/SREM instruments could also be potential sources for proton data at LEO. Although AP-8 and SAMPEX/PSB97 may be publicly accessed through the SPENVIS, they exhibit an order of magnitude difference in low altitude proton fluxes and they do not contain helium fluxes. Therefore, improved light ion radiation models are still needed.In this paper we present a procedure to identify and measure the energy of ions that are not stopped in the NINA-2 instrument. Moreover, problems related to particles that cross the instrument in the opposite direction are addressed and shown to be a possible cause of particle misidentification. Measuring fluxes of low abundance elements like energetic helium ions requires a good characterisation of all possible sources of backgrounds in the detector. Hints to determine the several contributions to the background are presented herein and may be applied to extract an order of magnitude of energetic ions fluxes from existing data sets, while waiting for dedicated high performance instruments.

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Pitch angle distribution of trapped energetic protons and helium isotope nuclei measured along the Resurs-01 No. 4 LEO satellite

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Distribution of the Earth's radiation belts protons over the drift frequency of particles

Distribution of the Earth's radiation belts protons over the drift frequency of particles

A model of the secondary radiation belt

The measurements of light high-energy ions in NINA-2 experiment

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