2020
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190919
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Pitfalls in the beam modelling process of Monte Carlo calculations for proton pencil beam scanning

Abstract: Objective: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations substantially improve the accuracy of predicted doses. This study aims to determine and quantify the uncertainties of setting up such a MC system. Methods: Doses simulated with two Geant4-based MC calculation codes, but independently tuned to the same beam data, have been compared. Different methods of MC modelling of a pre-absorber have been employed, either modifying the beam source parameters (descriptive) or adding the pre-absorber as a physical component (physical).… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Finally, we validated our commissioning procedure using the optimized beam models. We simulated dose distributions in FRED and compared the results with verification measurements performed in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms with and without range shifters as suggested by Winterhalter et al [35]. Such extensive experimental validation of FRED accuracy and time performance has been never reported before.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Finally, we validated our commissioning procedure using the optimized beam models. We simulated dose distributions in FRED and compared the results with verification measurements performed in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms with and without range shifters as suggested by Winterhalter et al [35]. Such extensive experimental validation of FRED accuracy and time performance has been never reported before.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Figure 4 compares measured and simulated spot sizes in air at 150 MeV for each range-shifter option. The decision to implement the range-shifter as a material object within the simulation was made to ensure that interactions within the range-shifter were taken into account, 34 aiding calculation of absolute dose.…”
Section: Beam Modellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite the introduction of MC particle transportation calculations in some TPS software, it is not as adaptable as a dedicated MC code, where implementation and calculation of state-of-the-art variable RBE is feasible with high flexibility and transparency to the user. The use of general purpose MC codes also enables deeper insights into mechanisms and interactions which is essential to support development work (Schneider et al 2016, Ytre-Hauge et al 2019, Winterhalter et al 2020. In this work, we present a novel systematic method of calibrating a MC to a TPS.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%