Pitting corrosion failure analysis of a wet gas pipeline

Mansoori, Hamed; Mirzaee, Reza; Esmaeilzadeh, Feridun; Vojood, Arash; Dowrani, Alireza Soltan

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.012

Cited by 76 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Corrosion rate of the specimen at the top (TLC rate) with and without the addition of inhibitors was measured following ASTM (2) Standard G1. 13 The detailed TLC experimental matrix for the experimental work is shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Weight Loss Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Top-of-line corrosion (TLC) is a phenomenon of global importance in the oil and gas industry, being problematic for both offshore and onshore fields. [1][2][3] In stratified flow regimes, conventional CO 2 corrosion inhibitors cannot be used to protect the top of the line because the inhibitors do not reach the upper surface of the pipe; only the lower surface that is in contact with the liquid phase is effectively protected against corrosion. Therefore, the condensation of water in wet gas flow can result in the development of a highly corrosive environment, leading to failure, release of hydrocarbons, environmental damage, risk to life, and costly repairs for damaged pipelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thiols as Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors for Top-of-the-Line Corrosion

Belarbi

Farelas

et al. 2017

CORROSION

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The effectiveness of hexanethiol, decanethiol, and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid for CO 2 corrosion inhibition of carbon steel exposed to top-of-the-line conditions has been investigated. Weight loss measurements were used to measure the corrosion rate in the absence and presence of these volatile inhibitor compounds. After the experiments, steel surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. In addition, surface characterization of adsorbed decanethiol molecules on carbon steel was performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results suggest the formation of an adsorbed inhibitor film on the steel surface, leading to a decrease in corrosion rate. Persistency experiments were also performed to evaluate the residence time for inhibitors adsorbed on carbon steel. Among the inhibitors tested, decanethiol showed very good corrosion inhibition properties as well as high persistency.

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Section: Weight Loss Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiols as Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors for Top-of-the-Line Corrosion

Belarbi

Farelas

et al. 2017

CORROSION

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“…Associated gas in many cases has not been subjected to strict dehydration treatment, which can be classified as wet gas. The wet gas contains liquid hydrocarbon and water, acid gases (such as CO 2 and H 2 S), and dissolved ions (such as Cl − and Ca 2+ ) [ 8 , 9 ]. Under the combined action of temperature, pressure, and stress, serious corrosion occurs in the inner wall of steel pipes [ 8 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Failure Mechanism of Associated Gas Transmission Pipeline

et al. 2018

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Corrosion has been responsible for several gas pipeline leakage accidents; thus, clarifying its failure mechanisms is a precondition to prevent such accidents. On the basis of failure analysis of corroded pipe sections, laboratory exposure tests were conducted by simulating three possible corrosion environments inside a gas pipeline. The corrosion rate indicated by depth change was adopted in this study. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze corrosion products. Results showed that the specimens completely immersed in condensate water were generally corroded and that the specimens exposed to gas were locally corroded. However, the corrosion rate of the latter was slightly lower; hence, no autocatalysis of occluded corrosion cell occurred in the formation of corrosion pit, and uniform corrosion occurred in the precipitation location of condensate water. The areas in the range of 5 mm below the waterline indicated severe corrosion, and the rate could reach twice that of other areas. The corrosion products were mainly FeO(OH) and FeCO3, thereby proving that the corrosion failure of pipelines was caused by oxygen absorption corrosion and CO2 corrosion. Suggestions were presented to control corrosion failure of associated gas pipelines.

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“…These synergetic effects make these structures brittle to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), as a result, environmental pollution and safety accidents may occur. Although there are few SCC failures acknowledged in marine environments [ 1 , 2 ], plenty of accidents caused by SCC in onshore oil and gas pipelines have raised concerns [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In general, SCC in pipelines takes place when the wearing and peeling of the coating reveals open defects, which facilitates the contact of corrosive media and the metal surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Mechanism of Submarine Pipeline in Simulated Seawater in Presence of Different Alternating Current Densities

Pan

et al. 2018

Materials

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In this study, electrochemical measurements, immersion tests, and slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests were applied to investigate the electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of X70 steel in simulated seawater with the interference of different alternating current (AC) densities. The results indicate that AC significantly strengthens the cathodic reaction, especially the oxygen reduction reaction. Simultaneously, hydrogen evolution reaction occurs when the limiting diffusion current density of oxygen reaches, and thus, icorr sharply increases with the increase in AC density. Additionally, when AC is imposed, the X70 steel exhibits higher SCC susceptibility in the simulated seawater, and the susceptibility increases with the increasing AC density. The SCC mechanism is controlled by both anodic dissolution (AD) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) with the interference of AC.

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Pitting corrosion failure analysis of a wet gas pipeline

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

Thiols as Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors for Top-of-the-Line Corrosion

Thiols as Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors for Top-of-the-Line Corrosion

Corrosion Failure Mechanism of Associated Gas Transmission Pipeline

Electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Mechanism of Submarine Pipeline in Simulated Seawater in Presence of Different Alternating Current Densities

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