Pituitary Adenoma and Hyperprolactinemia Accompanied by Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis

Abstract

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the breast, and its etiology remains not fully elucidated. IGM is observed more often in patients with autoimmune disease. Hyperprolactinemia is observed during pregnancy, lactation, and a history of oral contraceptive use. A 39-year-old patient with no history of oral contraceptive use presented with complaints such as redness, pain, and swelling in her left breast. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a suspicious inflamed mass lesion. Core biopsy was performed to exclude breast cancer and to further diagnose. The breast abscess was drained and steroids were given for treatment. In order to monitor any progression during the three months of treatment, hormone levels were routinely examined. Prolactin level was above the reference range, and pituitary MRI revealed a pituitary prolactinoma. After treatment with prolactin inhibitors, IGM also improved with hyperprolactinemia. This report emphasizes attention to hyperprolactinemia in cases of IGM diagnosis and treatment.

Etiology of granulomatous lobular mastitis based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing

“…GLM patients are generally women of childbearing age, especially those who use oral contraceptive or have a history of breastfeeding, and secondary GLM in patients with pituitary adenomas has been reported (Destek et al, 2017, Goldberg et al, 2000, Laghzaoui Boukaidi et al, 2000, Uysal et al, 2018. Therefore, the abnormal increase of sex hormone level may also be one of the important causes of GLM.…”

Tongue features of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis

“…[ 24 , 28 ] The above causes result in elevated inflammatory cytokines, leaving the body in a state of inflammatory stress, and ultimately causing the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. [ 3 , 24 ] This study showed that patients with GLMs had higher levels of WBC, PLT, CRP, IL-2, and TGF-β compared with non-GLM controls, showing the increased inflammatory stress in GLM patients compared with non-GLM controls. Although the levels of these parameters were within a normal range in most GLM patients, the higher levels of them in GLM patients indicated that they were in a state of imbalanced immune function and inflammatory stress.…”

Nonpuerperal mastitis associated with prolactinoma: Case report

“…They also reported that five patients taking antipsychotic medications developed PDM, while psychotropic-associated PDM had not yet been reported. Destek et al [9]. reported that a patient diagnosed with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis initially presented with pituitary prolactinoma.…”