Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), a VIP-like peptide, has prolonged airway smooth muscle relaxant activity

Influence of PACAP on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury Following Small-Bowel Autotransplantation

“…PACAP-38-immunoreactivity has been shown in the cell bodies and nerve fibers throughout the gastrointestinal tract (Hannibal et al 1998). Numerous studies have shown that it plays a central role in the intestinal motility and secretion (Foda et al 1995;Koves et al 1993;Lelievre et al 2007;Oh et al 2005;Tornoe et al 2001). Increasing evidence suggests that PACAP-38 has protective effects in I/R models like in global and focal cerebral ischemia, retinal ischemia, kidney warm ischemia model, and cultured cardiomyocytes (Atlasz et al 2007;Chen et al 2006;Ohtaki et al 2006;Racz et al 2008;Riera et al 2001;Shioda et al 1998Shioda et al , 2006Somogyvari-Vigh and Reglodi 2004;Szakaly et al 2008).…”

Stress and Bronchodilator Response in Children with Asthma

“…Yet another unanswered question is whether dysfunction of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (PACAP-PAC1) pathway explains potential effects of stress on the b 2 -adrenergic receptor (9,10). This is relevant, because the gene encoding the PACAP 1 receptor type 1 (ADCYAP1R1) has been previously implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (9,11), anxiety (12), and asthma (13).…”

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery

“…Although PACAP is able to exert an indirect hypertensive action mediated through the release of catecholamines (Ishizuka et al, 1992;Minkes et al, 1992a), this peptide, in very much the same way as VIP, is mainly considered as a highly potent vasorelaxant factor (Hirata et al, 1985;Ross-Ascuitto et al, 1993;Tong et al, 1993;Ascuitto et al, 1996). This vasodilatory activity, which can be ascribed at least in part to its activity on arterial smooth muscle cells Naruse et al, 1993;Steenstrup et al, 1996;Bruch et al, 1997), is well documented in various organs, including the brain (Tong et al, 1993;Anzai et al, 1995), the eye (Nilsson, 1994;Elsås and White, 1997;Dorner et al, 1998), the pulmonary vascular bed (Minkes et al, 1992b;Cheng et al, 1993;Foda et al, 1995), the mesentery (Wilson and Warren, 1993), the pancreas (Bertrand et al, 1996;Ito et al, 1998), the testis (Lissbrant et al, 1999), the ovary (Steenstrup et al, 1994;Yao et al, 1996), the vagina (Steenstrup et al, 1994;Giraldi et al, 2002;Aughton et al, 2008), the kidney (Gardiner et al, 1994), the gastrointestinal tract (Portbury et al, 1995;Badawy and Reinecke, 2003), and the skin (Wallengren, 1997).…”

“…In rodents, PACAP causes relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles (Araki and Takagi, 1992;Conroy et al, 1995;Foda et al, 1995;Hiramatsu et al, 1995;Yoshihara et al, 1997;Berisha et al, 2002;Lindén et al, 2003), promotes bronchodilation (Lindén et al, 1995(Lindén et al, , 1999 and increases nasal airway resistance (Kinhult et al, 2003). The relaxant effect of PACAP on the trachea is mediated through activation of the cAMP/ PKA-dependent (Araki and Takagi, 1992;Kanemura et al, 1993;Foda et al, 1995), NO/cGMP-dependent (Saotome et al, 1998), and carbon monoxide-dependent transduction pathways (Kinhult et al, 2001a). PACAP also plays a crucial role in the maintenance of normal pulmonary vascular tone during early postnatal life.…”