Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness of adult survivors of childhood abuse in the CRF stimulation test

Heim, Christine; Newport, D.Jeff; Graham, Yolanda; Heit, Stacey; Bonsall, Robert W.; Miller, Andrew H.; Nemeroff, Charles B.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(00)90141-0

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Persistent alterations in stress responsivity have been observed in women with a history of CSA (Heim et al 2000(Heim et al , 2001 and in adult rats repetitively separated as pups from their dams (Caldji et al 1998(Caldji et al , 2000. The latter also display long-lasting changes in morphine sensitization, tolerance and withdrawal (Kalinichev et al 2001(Kalinichev et al , 2002 and have reduced levels of both gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) and central benzodiazepine receptors in regions implicated in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation (Caldji et al 1998(Caldji et al , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood sexual abuse and risks for licit and illicit drug-related outcomes: a twin study

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood sexual abuse and risks for licit and illicit drug-related outcomes: a twin study

et al. 2006

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“…Second, it has been demonstrated that cannabis affects dopamine release and that the direction of effect depends on the chronicity of use (Verrico et al 2003 ;Luzi et al 2008 ;Bossong et al 2009). Third, there is evidence from both animal (Plotsky & Meaney, 1993 ;Ladd, 1996 ;Liu et al 2000 ;Kalinichev et al 2002) and human studies (Heim et al 2000 ;Carpenter et al 2007) that response to severe stress, such as childhood abuse early in life, can lead to permanent changes in the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and dopamine systems (for discussion see Read et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence

et al. 2009

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BackgroundAdolescent cannabis use has been shown in many studies to increase the risk of later psychosis. Childhood trauma is associated with both substance misuse and risk for psychosis. In this study our aim was to investigate whether there is a significant interaction between cannabis use and childhood trauma in increasing the risk for experiencing psychotic symptoms during adolescence.MethodPsychiatric interviews using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) semi-structured instrument were carried out with 211 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years and their parents as part of a population-based study. The interview enquired about early traumatic events, cannabis use and psychiatric symptoms in adolescence.ResultsIn separate analyses both cannabis use and childhood trauma were significantly associated with risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms. However, the presence of both childhood trauma and early cannabis use significantly increased the risk for psychotic symptoms beyond the risk posed by either risk factor alone, indicating that there was a greater than additive interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use.ConclusionOur finding of a greater than additive interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use may have implications for the identification of individuals at high risk of experiencing psychotic symptoms. For example, measures to actively discourage or intensively treat cannabis use in children and adolescents who have experienced abuse may help to prevent the development of psychosis in this vulnerable group. Our findings require replication in larger samples to confirm this interaction effect.

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“…One approach hypothesizes that childhood adversity alters neurobiological and psychosocial processes whereby individuals may be sensitized to the effects of recent stressful events, responding with depression at lower levels of stress (Hammen et al 2000) or with greater reactivity to the effects of adult severe events (Heim et al 2000(Heim et al , 2002 In the present article an additional mechanism of the effects of early adversity is hypothesized. Early adversity may be a marker of continuing exposure to negative stressors, such that those with exposure to childhood negative events and circumstances are more likely to continue to be exposed to stressful events and circumstances (Pearlin, 1989), especially adolescents who are still living at home.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early childhood adversity and adolescent depression: the mediating role of continued stress

et al. 2008

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Background: While various conceptualizations of the link between childhood adversity and later depression have been offered, most have not accounted for the possibility that early adversity predicts continuing stress proximal to depression onset. Thus, the present study tested the possible mediating role of recent stress in the association between early adversity and depression in late adolescence.

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Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness of adult survivors of childhood abuse in the CRF stimulation test

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Childhood sexual abuse and risks for licit and illicit drug-related outcomes: a twin study

Childhood sexual abuse and risks for licit and illicit drug-related outcomes: a twin study

Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence

Early childhood adversity and adolescent depression: the mediating role of continued stress

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