Pituitary-Thyroid Function during Acute Immobilization Stress in Rats

Langer, P; Földes, O; Květňanský, Richard; Čulman, Juraj; Torda, T; F, El Daher

doi:10.1055/s-0029-1210255

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Aligned with these results, there are other studies that have reported long-time stress does not influence thyroid hormones (13). However, there are other studies that show thyroid hormone levels decrease during chronic immobilization stress (7,30). Other studies also argue that chronic immobilization stress decreases plasma levels of TSH and hypothalamic TRH mRNA levels in young rats (32,33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…There are several studies showing that acute immobilization stress activate pituitary-thyroid system in rhesus monkeys (29). Other studies showed that acute immobilization stress increases the secretion of thyroid hormone (7,13,30) and there are also another study showing that acute immobilization stress does not change serum level of TSH (4). Most of physiological stresses initially influence neurons aminergic and subsequently peptidergic neurons in cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immobilization is a kind of physiological stress which has two types of acute and chronic in different organisms and can have different effects on physiology of animals, including their growth, physiological function of hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands, particularly (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). On the other hand, thyroid is one of the most important endocrine glands which regulate various functions in the body (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Acute and Chronic Immobilization Stress and Aloe vera Extract on Serum Levels of TSH, T3 and T4 in Male Rats

2015

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Background: Stress has different effects on the body and endocrine system. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to determine the effects of immobilization stress and Aloe vera extract on levels of TSH, T3 or T4 in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 90 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of control, receiving normal saline, receiving Aloe vera extract, acutely immobilized (8 h/day immobilization for 8 days), chronically immobilized (2 h/day immobilization for 21 days) acutely immobilized receiving Aloe vera extract, chronically immobilized receiving Aloe vera extract, acutely immobilized receiving normal saline and chronically immobilized receiving normal saline (n = 10). Blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method and hormone levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method. Data were statistically analyzed and compared among groups using ANOVA. Results: Results showed that levels of T3 and T4 were significantly increased in rats enduring acute immobilization stress compared with animals in control group (P = 0.001). Serum T3 and T4 were significantly decreased in Aloe vera receiving rats compared with control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01, respectively). Level of T3 was significantly decreased in acutely immobilized rats receiving Aloe vera compared with control group (P = 0.001). Level of T3 and T4 levels were significantly decreased in chronically immobilized rats receiving Aloe vera compared with control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions:The findings show that acute immobilization enhances levels of T3, T4 and TSH and the use of Aloe vera extract can prevent this kind of increase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Acute and Chronic Immobilization Stress and Aloe vera Extract on Serum Levels of TSH, T3 and T4 in Male Rats

2015

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“…Most research suggests that in rodents, circulating peripheral TH concentrations decrease in response to severe, uncontrollable stressors such as restraint stress or inescapable foot- or tailshocks (Langer et al, 1983, Bianco et al, 1987, Servatius et al, 2000, Helmreich et al, 2005, Helmreich et al, 2006, Helmreich and Tylee, 2011). These changes are likely due to a reduced secretion of these hormones by the thyroid gland (Helmreich and Tylee, 2011), but low T3 levels may also be the result of decreased activity of D1 in liver and kidney (Bianco et al, 1987).…”

Section: Gestational States and Conditions That May Alter Or Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development

et al. 2017

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Thyroid hormones (TH) play an obligatory role in many fundamental processes underlying brain development and maturation. The developing embryo/fetus is dependent on maternal supply of TH. The fetal thyroid gland does not commence THs synthesis until mid gestation, and the adverse consequences of severe maternal TH deficiency on offspring neurodevelopment are well established. Recent evidence suggests that even more moderate forms of maternal thyroid dysfunction, particularly during early gestation, may have a long-lasting influence on child cognitive development and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, these observed alterations appear to be largely irreversible after birth. It is, therefore, important to gain a better understanding of the role of maternal thyroid dysfunction on offspring neurodevelopment in terms of the nature, magnitude, time-specificity, and context-specificity of its effects. With respect to the issue of context specificity, it is possible that maternal stress and stress-related biological processes during pregnancy may modulate maternal thyroid function. The possibility of an interaction between the thyroid and stress systems in the context of fetal brain development has, however, not been addressed to date. We begin this review with a brief overview of TH biology during pregnancy and a summary of the literature on its effect on the developing brain. Next, we consider and discuss whether and how processes related to maternal stress and stress biology may interact with and modify the effects of maternal thyroid function on offspring brain development. We synthesize several research areas and identify important knowledge gaps that may warrant further study. The scientific and public health relevance of this review relates to achieving a better understanding of the timing, mechanisms and contexts of thyroid programming of brain development, with implications for early identification of risk, primary prevention and intervention.

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“…Comparing endocrine systems across species, TH function as permissive hormones important for transitions and plasticity (Tata, 2006), including puberty (Mann and Plant, 2010), seasonal breeding (Ebling and Barrett, 2008), and metamorphosis in amphibians (Crespi and Denver, 2005). Moreover, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT) is also a stress responsive system (Langer et al, 1983, Armario et al, 1984, Turakulov et al, 1994, Cizza et al, 1996, Kondo et al, 1997, Servatius et al, 2000, Helmreich et al, 2005, Helmreich et al, 2006, Kilburn-Watt et al, 2010). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone regulation by stress and behavioral differences in adult male rats

Helmreich¹,

Tylee²

2011

Hormones and Behavior

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Thyroid hormones are essential regulators of growth, development and normal bodily function and their release is coordinated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. While the HPT axis has been established as an acutely stress-responsive neuroendocrine system, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of its stress-regulation. The present study examined acute stress-induced changes in peripheral hormone levels [triiodothyronine (T3); thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3)] and central mRNA levels of regulators of the HPT axis [thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), somatostatin (SST), type II deiodinase (D2)] in response to an inescapable tail-shock, a rodent model of stress. Additionally, we examined whether individual differences in spontaneous exploratory behavior in an open field test predicted basal levels of TH or differential susceptibility to the effects of stress. The stress condition was associated with decreases in peripheral T3, T4 and TSH, but not rT3, when compared with controls. No changes were observed in TRH or SST mRNA levels, but there was a trend suggesting stress-related increases in D2 mRNA. We also found that an animal's exploratory behavior in an unfamiliar open field arena was positively related to peripheral thyroid hormone levels and predicted the magnitude of stress-induced changes. In conclusion, we found suggestive evidence for stress-induced decrease in central drive HPT axis, but the central mechanisms of its stress-regulation remain to be elucidated. Additionally, we found that individual differences in animals' exploratory behavior were correlated with peripheral TH levels.

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Pituitary-Thyroid Function during Acute Immobilization Stress in Rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

The Effects of Acute and Chronic Immobilization Stress and Aloe vera Extract on Serum Levels of TSH, T3 and T4 in Male Rats

The Effects of Acute and Chronic Immobilization Stress and Aloe vera Extract on Serum Levels of TSH, T3 and T4 in Male Rats

Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development

Thyroid hormone regulation by stress and behavioral differences in adult male rats

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