Place of Residence and Preventive Health Care for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Services Recipients in 20 States

Abstract

Objective. We identified trends in the receipt of preventive health care by adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities by type of residential setting.Methods. We used data from the 2008-2009 collection round of the National Core Indicators (NCI) program. Participating states drew random samples of adults receiving developmental disabilities services. The study was observational, with both self-report and report by proxy. Once the random samples were drawn in each state, data were collected using the NCI Adult Consumer Survey. Trained interviewers administered the survey in person.Results. The likelihood of a person receiving preventive care procedures was related to age, level of intellectual disability, mobility, health status, and state. Type of living arrangement also affected whether a person received these health services, even after controlling for state, level of disability, and other personal characteristics. In general, people living with parents or relatives were consistently the least likely to receive preventive health exams and procedures.Conclusion. With growing numbers of adults being served in the family home, educational and policy-based efforts to ensure access to preventive care are increasingly critical.

Disparities in dental care associated with disability and race and ethnicity

“…However, prior research results indicate that people with intellectual disabilities living in institutional settings are more likely to obtain routine dental care than are people with intellectual disabilities living with family members or independently. [20][21][22] Our sample of communitydwelling adults therefore may have encompassed the disability groups most at risk for unmet dental care needs.…”

“…Results of these studies have shown relatively high receipt of routine care for people living in institutional settings but significantly less frequent care among those living with family or on their own. [20][21][22] Given that underserved racial and ethnic groups and communitydwelling adults with disabilities each experience disparities in obtaining dental care, the combination of the 2 could result in especially poor receipt of routine care and high levels of unmet need. However, there has been little consideration of the potential additive effect of disability and race and ethnicity in relation to dental care.…”

Effects of declared levels of physical activity on quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities

“…This phenomenon is worth continued exploration, especially as deinstitutionalization of persons with neurodevelopmental and/or psychiatric conditions continues to increase, with the number of persons living with family members having increased 68.7% in recent history (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009) ( Although least restrictive housing opportunities (e.g. living independently or with family) promote self-determination, personal control, and choice (Lakin & Stancliffe, 2007), a growing body of literature indicates a relationship between community-integrated living and poor utilization of preventative health measures (Bershadsky et al, 2012;Martínez-Leal et al, 2011). For example, individuals living in least-restrictive environments, compared to their peers living in institutions, are less likely to receive routine medical treatment, including audiology, dental, physical, and vision examinations; vaccinations; cancer screens; and other preventive medicine services (Bershadsky et al, 2012;Martínez-Leal et al, 2011).…”

Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women with Intellectual Disabilities: Evidence from Medical Records

“…Our findings that women living at home with family caregivers were less likely to receive Pap tests corroborates recent evidence that rates of preventive screenings are generally worse for adults with intellectual disabilities who live at home rather than in residential settings. 10,25 However, an unexpected 41,42 suggesting that further research is warranted. These findings suggest that (1) women with intellectual disabilities are not receiving cervical cancer screening at recommended rates or at rates similar to women without intellectual disabilities, (2) interventions to improve Pap test rates for women in the general population have failed to reach women with intellectual disabilities, and (3) there is a need for specialized screening guidelines for women with intellectual disabilities.…”