Place Value of Transcranial Sonography in Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

Berg, Daniela; Gaenslen, Alexandra

doi:10.1159/000314494

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Similar observations have been made for transcranial sonography, where hyperechogenicity is already observed early in PD (reviewed in [54]). This is of interest, as it suggests that OCT might play a future role in the early differential diagnosis of patients with Parkinson syndromes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Optical Coherence Tomography in Parkinsonian Syndromes

et al. 2012

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Background/ObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) and the atypical parkinsonian syndromes multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) are movement disorders associated with degeneration of the central nervous system. Degeneration of the retina has not been systematically compared in these diseases.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with manual segmentation to measure the peripapillar nerve fiber layer, the macular thickness, and the thickness of all retinal layers in foveal scans of 40 patients with PD, 19 with MSA, 10 with CBS, 15 with PSP, and 35 age- and sex-matched controls.ResultsThe mean paramacular thickness and volume were reduced in PSP while the mean RNFL did not differ significantly between groups. In PSP patients, the complex of retinal ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer was reduced. In PD, the inner nuclear layer was thicker than in controls, MSA and PSP. Using the ratio between the outer nuclear layer and the outer plexiform layer with a cut-off at 3.1 and the additional constraint that the inner nuclear layer be under 46 µm, we were able to differentiate PSP from PD in our patient sample with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 70%.ConclusionDifferent parkinsonian syndromes are associated with distinct changes in retinal morphology. These findings may serve to facilitate the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes and give insight into the degenerative processes of patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Optical Coherence Tomography in Parkinsonian Syndromes

et al. 2012

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“…10,18,19 Neuroinflammation may evolve rapidly in early SN neurodegeneration as may also occur in early Parkinson's disease and indicated by structural alterations and SN enlargement detected by transcranial B-mode sonography. [20][21][22] SN neurodegeneration may also be responsible for extrapyramidal signs 5,23 and, in particular, the parkinsonism present in 2 of our cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantia Nigra Swelling and Dentate Nucleus T2 Hyperintensity May Be Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signs of β‐Propeller Protein‐Associated Neurodegeneration

Russo

Ardissone

Freri

et al. 2018

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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Background and Methods Mutations in WDR45 cause β‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), a type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). We reviewed clinical and MRI findings in 4 patients with de novo WDR45 mutations. Results Psychomotor delay and movement disorders were present in all cases; early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy was present in 3. In all cases, first MRI showed: prominent bilateral SN enlargement, bilateral dentate nuclei T2‐hyperintensity, and corpus callosum thinning. Iron deposition in the SN and globus pallidus (GP) only became evident later. Diffuse cerebral atrophy was present in 3 cases. Conclusions In this series, SN swelling and dentate nucleus T2 hyperintensity were early signs of BPAN, later followed by progressive iron deposition in the SN and GP. When clinical suspicion is raised, MRI is crucial for identifying early features suggesting this type of NBIA.

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“…This work has revealed abnormal pathology in the form of hypoechogenicity or an absence of sonographic signals in PD vs. control subjects. Interestingly, PD patients in one study also suffered from higher incidence of depression, reflecting a direct relationship between raphe nuclei loss and PD-related depression (Becker et al, 1997;Berg and Gaenslen, 2010;Walter et al, 2007b). MRI imaging studies carried out in depressed PD patients have also demonstrated a loss of homogeneity in the midbrain raphe consistent with neuronal compromise and/or cell loss (Berg et al, 1999).…”

Section: Serotonin Systemmentioning

confidence: 93%