Placebo Harm

Ir, Edwards; Graedon, Joe; Graedon, Terry

doi:10.2165/11532400-000000000-00000

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The term nocebo is derived from nocere (“I shall harm”) and is the inverse of the placebo effect. Specifically, patients expect a negative outcome, and it occurs, or more generally, patients have a vague negative expectation and bad things happen, but different than those expected 45 . The nocebo effect is complex and influenced by interactions between patients and their healthcare provider, surrounding psychosocial context, and the manner by which information is delivered and received 46 .…”

Section: The Nocebo Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, patients expect a negative outcome, and it occurs, or more generally, patients have a vague negative expectation and bad things happen, but different than those expected. 45 The nocebo effect is complex and influenced by interactions between patients and their healthcare provider, surrounding psychosocial context, and the manner by which information is delivered and received. 46 Certain patient characteristics, populations, and those with concomitant conditions may be more susceptible to the nocebo effect.…”

Section: The No Cebo Effec Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statin‐associated muscle symptoms—A review: Individualizing the approach to optimize care

Backes

Hilleman

2022

Pharmacotherapy

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The 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, also known as “statins” are considered first‐line pharmacologic therapy for reducing low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). They have been demonstrated efficacy in a variety of patients populations to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Like any pharmacologic therapy, however, they are not without possible adverse effects that can lead to discontinuation, thus leading to a loss of benefit. The most common side effect related to statin therapy impacting compliance is musculoskeletal related, commonly referred to as statin‐associated muscle systems (SAMS). While the overall incidence is relatively low, the consequences of nonadherence to statin therapy can have a negative impact on patient care. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to understand risk factors, how to diagnose, and how to manage this unfortunate adverse effect in order to optimize care.

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Section: The Nocebo Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The No Cebo Effec Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin‐associated muscle symptoms—A review: Individualizing the approach to optimize care

Backes

Hilleman

2022

Pharmacotherapy

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“…Furthermore, this effect was empirically used in witchcraft and voodoo activities (Edwards et al. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nocebo effect of drugs

Planès

Villier

Mallaret

2016

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

153

125

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While the placebo effect has been studied for a long time, much less is known about its negative counterpart, named the nocebo effect. However, it may be of particular importance because of its impact on the treatment outcomes and public health. We conducted a review on the nocebo effect using PubMed and other databases up to July 2014. The nocebo effect refers by definition to the induction or the worsening of symptoms induced by sham or active therapies. Examples are numerous and concerns both clinical trials and daily practice. The underlying mechanisms are, on one hand, psychological (conditioning and negative expectations) and, on the other hand, neurobiological (role of cholecystokinin, endogenous opioids and dopamine). Nocebo effects can modulate the outcome of a given therapy in a negative way, as do placebo effects in a positive way. The verbal and nonverbal communications of physicians contain numerous unintentional negative suggestions that may trigger a nocebo response. This raises the important issue of how physicians can at the same time obtain informed consent and minimize nocebo‐related risks. Every physician has to deal with this apparent contradiction between primum non nocere and to deliver truthful information about risks. Meticulous identification of patients at risk, information techniques such as positive framing, contextualized informed consent, and even noninformation, is valuable.

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The Dark Side of Body Sensations

Köteles

2021

Body Sensations

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Placebo Harm

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Statin‐associated muscle symptoms—A review: Individualizing the approach to optimize care

Statin‐associated muscle symptoms—A review: Individualizing the approach to optimize care

The nocebo effect of drugs

The Dark Side of Body Sensations

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