Placement Discontinuity for Older Children and Adolescents Who Exit Foster Care Through Adoption Or Guardianship: A Systematic Review

White, Kevin R.

doi:10.1007/s10560-015-0425-1

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Most recently, an association between more placement moves while in OHC and an increased likelihood of an adoption, special guardianship or residence order breaking down have been described (Selwyn et al, 2014). Studies in other countries have described associations with re-entry to OHC and the child’s age at exit (Orsi, 2015; White, 2016; Yampolskaya, Armstrong, & Vargo, 2007), ethnicity (Orsi, 2015; Shaw, 2006), having behavioral or health problems (Barth, Weigensberg, Fisher, Fetrow, & Green, 2008; Liao & White, 2014; Testa, Snyder, Wu, Rolock, & Liao, 2015; White, 2016; Yampolskaya et al, 2007), a longer time spent in care (McDonald, Bryson, & Poertner, 2006; Wells & Guo, 1999), placement setting (Carnochan, Rizik-Baer, & Austin, 2013; Lee, Jonson-Reid, & Drake, 2012), and placement stability (Carnochan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with re-entry to out-of-home care among children in England

Grath-Lone

Dearden

Harron

et al. 2017

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Exiting and re-entering out-of-home care (OHC) is considered a disruption to permanence which may have long-lasting, negative consequences for children due to a lack of stability and continuity. Each year approximately one-third of children in OHC in England exit, but information is lacking on rates of re-entries and associated factors. Using national administrative data, we calculated rates of re-entry among children exiting OHC from 2007 to 2012, identified key child and care factors associated with re-entry using Cox proportional hazards modelling, and developed a simple probability calculator to estimate which groups of children are most likely to re-enter OHC within three months. Between 2007 and 2012 reentries to OHC in England decreased (from 23.3% to 14.4% within one year of exit, p < 0.001), possibly due to concurrent changes in the way children exited OHC. Overall, more than one-third of children exiting OHC in 2008 re-entered within five years (35.3%, N = 4076), but rates of re-entry varied by child and care characteristics including age, ethnicity, mode of exit, and placement stability. Based on these associated factors, we developed a calculator that can estimate the likelihood of rapid re-entry to OHC for a group of children and could be used by social care practitioners or service planners. Our findings provide insight into which groups of children are most likely to re-enter OHC, who may benefit from additional support or ongoing monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with re-entry to out-of-home care among children in England

Grath-Lone

Dearden

Harron

et al. 2017

Child Abuse & Neglect

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“…The research evidence is consistent on factors that are associated with disruptions. These include the child's age at placement; a history of previous breakdowns; maltreatment; continuing negative influence of the birth parents; and children's behaviour difficulties (Rushton, 2003;Evan B Donaldson Adoption Institute, 2004;Coakley and Berrick, 2008;Faulkner et al, 2016;White, 2016). It should be noted that several of these variables, which have been shown to be linked with adoption disruption could not be included in the Cox proportional hazards models due to the data not being collected at a national level in England and Wales (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining rates and risk factors for post-order adoption disruption in England and Wales through survival analyses

Wijedasa

Selwyn

2017

Children and Youth Services Review

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Purpose: This paper report findings from two research studies that set out to calculate the rate and predictors of post-order adoption disruption in England and Wales. Methods: All available national level administrative data on adopted children in England and Wales were analysed, supplemented by national surveys adoption managers. Complete national datasets were available for 12 years in England and for 11 years in Wales. Results: Of the 36,749 and 2,317 adoptions considered, 565 in England and 35 in Wales had disrupted over the follow up period. Kaplan Meier analyses indicate that cumulative post-order adoption disruption rates were 3.2% and 2.6% respectively for England and Wales. Cox regression models indicate that being older than four years adoptive placement, adoptive parents taking longer than a year to legalise the adoption, being a teenager and previous multiple placements in care were risk factors for post-order adoption disruption. Conclusion: The post order adoption disruption rate is low. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. ➢ Table 1. UK studies of adoption disruption rates (1990-2015)* * Adapted from authors' own publication (Selwyn et al., 2014) ᶧ No differentiation made between pre/post order adoption disruptions Author Country Sample Characteristics Follow up period Pre/post Order disruption rate Post-Order disruption rate

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“…The wealth of literature reviews on the issue indicate the beginning of a rich body of research (Faulkner, Adkins, Fong, & Rolock, 2017;Festinger, 2014;Palacios, Rolock, Selwyn, & Barbosa-Ducharne, 2018;Rosnati, Ranieri, & Ferrari, 2017;Smith, 2014;White, 2016). The wealth of literature reviews on the issue indicate the beginning of a rich body of research (Faulkner, Adkins, Fong, & Rolock, 2017;Festinger, 2014;Palacios, Rolock, Selwyn, & Barbosa-Ducharne, 2018;Rosnati, Ranieri, & Ferrari, 2017;Smith, 2014;White, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a field of study for many years, research into adoption breakdown has increased notably in recent times. The wealth of literature reviews on the issue indicate the beginning of a rich body of research (Faulkner, Adkins, Fong, & Rolock, ; Festinger, ; Palacios, Rolock, Selwyn, & Barbosa‐Ducharne, ; Rosnati, Ranieri, & Ferrari, ; Smith, ; White, ). The recent publication by the International Social Service of a monograph on international adoption breakdown (Jeannin, ), with contributions from authors working in many different parts of the world, is a strong indication that concern over this issue is not limited to just a few isolated countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption breakdown and adolescence

Paniagua

Palacios

Morago

2019

Child & Family Social Work

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Adoption breakdown has attracted an increasing amount of attention over recent years, and studies coincide in stating that the mean age at which this phenomenon occurs is early adolescence. Nevertheless, the specific factors which influence adoption breakdown, have never been empirically explored. The aim of this article is therefore to analyse these factors by comparing cases of adoption breakdown which occurred prior to the onset of adolescence with those occurring after the beginning of this developmental stage. The study explores 69 cases of adoption breakdown occurring over the course of a decade in one Spanish region, taking into consideration variables related to the adopted children, the adoptive parents, the parent-child relationship, and the professional support services provided to these families. The results reveal a clear difference in the profile of breakdowns occurring before and after the onset of adolescence and identify a series of factors which seem to have a stronger influence in each group, such as violence, timing of problems, and unrealistic expectations regarding the child. These findings have important implications for professional adoption services, such us the importance of early identification of difficulties and the provision of support during adolescence. KEYWORDSadolescence, adoption breakdown, adoption disruption, professional intervention product of a single cause, adoption breakdowns are typically the result of an accumulation of risk factors linked to the adopted child, the adoptive parents, the child-parent relationship, and the help and support provided by professional adoption services. As shown in the review by Palacios et al. (2018), the highest level of agreement can be found in relation to child-related risk factors, with older age at placement and behavioural problems being the two aspects identified most frequently in the research.However, whereas age at placement is highlighted in almost all studies, age at breakdown has received considerably less attention.Research has consistently found that it is during the early years of adolescence that most adoption breakdowns take place. Maza (2014); Palacios, Jiménez-Morago, and Paniagua (2015); Rolock and White (2016); and Selwyn, Meakings, and Wijedasa (2014) coincide in identifying age 13-14 years old as the mean age at which most premature departures from the family home take place, usually after several years of problems and difficulties (on average, between five and six, according to Selwyn et al., 2014, andPalacios et al., 2015). Nevertheless, more often than not, this information is provided at a purely descriptive level, and no in-depth analysis is offered.Just as for their nonadopted counterparts, the transition to adolescence and the teen years are a difficult developmental period for adopted children, characterized by changes that may trigger maladaptive and problematic behaviour. Both research on domestic adoptions (Miller, Fan, Christensen, Grotevant, & Van Dulmen, 2000) and studies and meta-analyses on internatio...

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Placement Discontinuity for Older Children and Adolescents Who Exit Foster Care Through Adoption Or Guardianship: A Systematic Review

Cited by 46 publications

References 63 publications

Factors associated with re-entry to out-of-home care among children in England

Factors associated with re-entry to out-of-home care among children in England

Examining rates and risk factors for post-order adoption disruption in England and Wales through survival analyses

Adoption breakdown and adolescence

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