Placental and infant metastasis of maternal melanoma: A new case

Abstract

Obstetric Case Reports 417 diagnostic resources, support and a multidisciplinary team trained for clinical emergencies in pregnancy are essential for the successful treatment of such severe cases.Risk factors for amniotic embolism include maternal age below 20 and above 35 years, elderly primigravidity, grand multiparity, black race, previous caesarean section, induction of labour, caesarean delivery, forceps delivery, vacuum delivery, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, dystocia, polyhydramnios, foetal macrosomia, cervical laceration and uterine rupture (Conde-Agudelo and Romero 2009). In this report, the patient did not have multiple risk factors beyond the African descent and premature rupture of ovular membranes. Large population cohort studies indicate that these two risk factors have adjusted odds ratios (with confi dence interval of 95%) of 2.4 (1.5 -3.6) and 1.4 (0.6 -2.0)/0.7 (0.4 -1.5), respectively, for amniotic fl uid embolism (Conde-Agudelo and Romero 2009).The complement activation in this case may have been secondary to the immunological disease of the patient (Fineschi et al. 2009).Probably there is a complex and still unknown immune component in the pathogenesis of amniotic fl uid embolism. Pregnant women with autoimmune diseases should be observed with careful attention to serious adverse events such as this. Th ere are still no methods for fast diagnosis; however, confi rmation of this event can be directed to the investigation of the complement system (Harboe et al. 2006;Staff ord and Sheffi eld 2007).

Perinatal outcome in pregnant women with cancer: are there any effects of chemotherapy?

“…The planning of the delivery was established according to a number of different parameters, such as disease progression, maternal schedule treatment and foetal risks associated with the maternal treatment, and general maternal conditions (Azim, Pavlidis, et al., ; Azim, Peccatori, et al., ; De Carolis et al., , ).…”

Melanoma in pregnancy: Diagnosis and management in early-stage and advanced disease

“…In 2002, a comprehensive review identified 27 cases of placental metastasis over the preceding 40 years [32], with 6 (22%) of these cases also reporting foetal metastatic spread [32]. Based on this study and a few case reports [33,34] it is widely accepted that foetal involvement can be reasonably excluded in the absence of macro-or microscopic placental involvement [35]. Outcomes are generally poor for affected foetuses, with the majority of infants (>80%) dying from disease [32].…”

Melanoma in children: A systematic review and individual patient meta‐analysis

“…We selected 8 cases from 10 articles (two articles described the same cases) reporting transplacental transmission of melanoma, which are summarized in Table S5. [280][281][282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289] The mean age at diagnosis was 5.3 months (range: 0.37-10), six were males, most of them presenting multiple localisations of melanoma metastasis at diagnosis. The number of melanoma-related deaths was 5, and three patients underwent spontaneous regression.…”