Placental Lactogen Levels in Diabetic Pregnancy

Abstract

ConclusionFrom the figures alone we cannot be encouraged in the hope that the large psychiatric hospitals will readily be emptied of their long-stay populations, by whatever means. In Salford, at least, it is a population ever longer-staying, not by any means al old, increasingly difficult to discharge, and dying only slowly. And we replenish it year by year with new patients. We must examine the people concerned to discover what the "need" really is and to make rational provision, but the hospital and social services must work closely together to achieve this.A further paper uses these and other data to estimate future demand for beds (Fryers, 1973 Summary A prospective study has been carried out of placental lactogen levels in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus. The levels were higher than those in normal pregnant subjects; the higher levels were related to increased placental and fetal weight but more closely to the former; and lower levels were found when there was clinical evidence of placental dysfunction. Those patients requiring the largest insulin increment for the control of their diabetes in the pregnancy have placental lactogen levels in the higher range.

Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth

“…Conversely, infants born LGA to mothers with obesity or GDM had increased expression of hPL, namely the CSH1-1, CSH2-1, and CSHL1-4 mRNA transcripts [59 ], whereas GH-V expression was normal. Similar observations had been made previously by other investigators [30,52]. Thus, GH-V and hPL appear to be regulated differentially, at least in late gestation.…”

“…Numerous studies show that SGA infants have lower GH-V levels and variable reductions in hPL compared with infants of normal pregnancies [30,[52][53][54][55][56][57]58 ]. For example, a recent study by Mannik et al [59 ] observed that SGA newborns had downregulation of the major placental growth hormone transcript (GH2-1).…”

Role of Nucleic Acids in the Regulation of Human Placental Lactogen Synthesis

“…The underestimation of placental hPL concentrations in this data, however (perhaps due to the technical con siderations mentioned earlier), raises a question as to the accuracy of these findings. hPL concentrations tend to be higher in twin and diabetic preg nancies, instances associated with larger than average placental masses [13,53,55]. The studies mentioned above provide a case for the idea that hPL pro duction is simply a consequence of the metabolically active tissue mass.…”

Hormones of the Placenta: hCG and hPL

“…Diabetes mellitus is associated with a large placenta, and it is therefore not surprising that hPL is generally elevated in this condition M.Cohen et al, 1973;Ursell et al, 1973;Soler et al, 1975;Hertogh et al, 1976;Larinkari et al, 1982;Pledger et al, 1982) (Figure 5.11).…”