Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia With Normal Fetus: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare benign placental abnormality. It is characterized by hydropic degeneration of stem villi, placentomegaly, and increased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). It can be associated with different congenital abnormalities, karyotype abnormalities, and feto-maternal morbidities. It is difficult to differentiate PMDfrom partial mole, complete mole with twin pregnancy in ultrasound, and in macroscopic examination. The current paper presentsa rare case of placental mesenchymal dysplasia in a young primigravida mother who delivered a normal fetus withnormal karyotype.

Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia Associated with Severe Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Case Report

“…The causes of PMD are unknown. Different heterogeneous factors, including androgenic or biparental mosaicism, congenital mesodermal anomalies, hypoxia, and hypoperfusion with uncertain etiology may lead to fibroblastic overgrowth ( 9 ).…”

“…In ultrasonographic and pathologic examinations, partial mole, complete molar pregnancy with twin pregnancy, and chorangioma with normal fetus have been recorded in differential diagnoses of PMD ( 9 ). Distinguishing the PMD from partial mole is very important, since management is different and misdiagnosis may lead to the termination of pregnancy for a healthy fetus with PMD ( 4 ).…”

“…In ultrasonographic and pathologic examinations, partial mole, complete molar pregnancy with twin pregnancy, and chorangioma with normal fetus have been recorded in differential diagnoses of PMD (9).…”

Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia: A Confusing Entity and the Definitive Role of Histopathology

“…These cystic spaces represent aneurysmal dilatations of both placental veins and arteries 1 . Another sonographic finding of PMD is the presence of large-sized and cystic placenta accompanied by phenotypically normal fetus 13 . Histopathologically, PMD shows conclusive features, there is a combination of normal and dilated villi, and the latter have edematous cores and peripherallylocated, thick-walled blood vessels.…”

Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia; Current Understanding of the Sonographic, Histologic, and Molecular Findings of a Rare and Challengin Disorder

“…Pregnancy outcomes has been reported to range from healthy, uncomplicated pregnancies, to adverse maternal and/or neonatal complications [36,39]. The majority of studies reporting outcomes among cases with confirmed PMD report poor fetal outcome and multiple maternal complications.…”