Placental mesenchymal stem cells: A novel autologous stem cell graft for peripartum neural regeneration?

Generation of an Osteogenic Graft From Human Placenta and Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Although the cell's osteogenic differentiation potential is known, 21 their osteogenic commitment in fusion with the scaffold had to be verified. The antibodies used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) are considered lineage specific for osteogenic differentiation, each reflecting a specific stage of osteogenic maturation.…”

“…Autologous and allogeneic grafts derived from the placenta provide advantages in tissue repair applications, because stem cells and matrices are abundantly available at birth without ethical problems. Furthermore, placenta-derived cells and tissue might be immune privileged due to a lack of expression of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, 12,15,21,43,44 and acellular preparations of natural extracellular matrices are of low immunogenicity 45 and could be sterilized before transplantation to reduce infectious risks. 46 The method described might also be adoptable to generate tissue grafts other than osteogenic, as our cells are known to adopt several mesenchymal (myogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic) and neurogenic lineages, 21,22 and the scaffold could be used in conjunction with stem cells derived from further tissues (blood, bone marrow) to broaden its appliance.…”

“…We previously described isolation of placenta MSC in detail. 21 Briefly, amnion and chorion were separated in term placental tissue and HCMCs were obtained from the chorion reticular layer. Human villous stroma mesenchymal cells were gained from first-trimester placenta villi.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] We showed that placental MSCs can differentiate into cells with mesenchymal (bone, cartilage, adipose, and muscle) and neurogenic phenotype. 21,22 Virtually all tissues are capable of being repaired if basic requirements are fulfilled, that is, if a rich source of progenitor cells and a scaffold conducive to cell attachment and maintenance of cell function is available. [23][24][25] The potential of osteogenic stem cells and biomaterials for skeletal repair is thought to be immense.…”

Perinatal tissues and cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

“…As the name suggests, AECs can be found on the epithelium of the AM, where they are in direct contact with the amniotic fluid. Besides the typical advantageous features of stem cells, including self-renewal ability and the capacity to differentiate towards cells of the three germ layers [141], AECs also possess characteristics commonly associated with MSCs (cell surface expression of CD90, CD105 and CD73, and lack of cell surface CD45, CD34, CD14, CD79 and HLA-DR) [142]. These features are evidenced in several works carried out by Miki et al who have been largely dedicated to the study and characterization of these cells.…”