Placental transport rather than maternal concentration of amino acids regulates fetal growth in monochorionic twins: Implications for fetal origin hypothesis

Bajoria, Rekha; Sooranna, Suren R.; Ward, Stuart; D'Souza, S W; Hancock, Michelle Howell

doi:10.1067/mob.2001.118269

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The values of glutamate and aspartate and their relationship in human cord blood determined here (35 and 5 μmol/L, respectively) were in the range of previously reported data (19 to 285 μmol/L for glutamate and 7 -10 times lower for aspartate) (Bajoria et al, 2001;Cetin et al, 2005;Jauniaux et al, 2001 andMarconi et al, 2010). We found a significant negative correlation between the glutamate concentration in cord blood and the levels of PCB138 and β-HCH, once adjusting for lipid content and excluding Latin American women from the study.…”

Section: Glutamate Transport In Human Placenta Is Inhibited By Envirosupporting

confidence: 65%

Influence of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants on human cord blood levels of glutamate

et al. 2014

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Alteration of the glutamatergic system may be one mechanistic pathway. We aimed to determine whether mercury and seven OCs, including PCBs 138, 153, and 180, DDT and DDE, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) influence the cord levels of two excitatory amino acids, glutamate and aspartate. Secondly, we evaluated if this association was mediated by glutamate uptake measured in human placental membranes. The study sample included 40 newborns from a Spanish cohort selected according to cord mercury levels. We determined the content of both amino acids in cord blood samples by means of HPLC and assessed their associations with the contaminants using linear regression analyses, and the effect of the contaminants on glutamate uptake by means of [ 3 H]-aspartate binding in human placenta samples. PCB138, β-HCH, and the sum of the 3 PCBs and seven OCs showed a significant negative association with glutamate levels (decrease of 51, 24, 56 and 54 %, respectively, in glutamate levels for each 10-fold increase in the contaminant concentration). Mercury did not show a significant correlation neither with glutamate nor aspartate levels in cord blood, however a compensatory effect between THg and both PCB138, and 4,4'-DDE was observed. The organo-metallic derivative methylmercury completely inhibited glutamate uptake in placenta while PCB138 and β-HCH partially inhibited it (IC50 values: 4.9 ± 0.8 μM, 14.2± 1.2nM and 6.9± 2.9nM, respectively).We conclude that some environmental toxicants may alter the glutamate content in the umbilical cord blood, which might underlie alterations in human development.Key words: methylmercury, polychlorobiphenyl (PCB), organochlorine pesticides, placenta, umbilical cord blood, glutamate, transport, pollutants. 3 IntroductionSocial and economic development have been mediated by strong industrial growth involving the synthesis, use and release of large numbers of chemicals many of which are potentially harmful to human health and the environment (Li and Macdonald, 2005;Porta et al., 2012).Several of these chemicals, e.g. lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), arsenic and toluene, have been associated to subclinical brain dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders such as poorer cognitive and motor development, attention deficit, hyperactivity, and sensory deficits but the underlying processes leading to these effects are still unknown (Grandjean and Landrigan, 2006). Pollutants come from several different sources, move on the environment and eventually accumulate in the food chain. Daily exposure to environmental persistent pollutants results in detectable levels of metals, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in woman bodies (Woodruff et al., 2011). During pregnancy, the pollutants accumulated by the women can reach the fetus crossing the placenta. Although the placenta regulates the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between mother and fetus and acts as a barrier of many toxicants, it does not provide protection against certain environmental contaminants (Proui...

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Section: Glutamate Transport In Human Placenta Is Inhibited By Envirosupporting

confidence: 65%

Influence of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants on human cord blood levels of glutamate

et al. 2014

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“…Since cardiac output is essential in determining systemic oxygen transport, hypovolaemia could cause hypoxia and lead to pulmonary endothelial adaptation [18]. We excluded twin pairs with a birth-weight discrepancy of >25%, so the supposed hypothesis of a higher risk of PPHN as a result of lower arginine levels in growth-restricted donors [25,26] cannot be substantiated by this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Gijtenbeek

Haak²,

Harkel³

et al. 2017

Neonatology

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Background: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is suggested to increase the risk of PPHN. Objectives: To describe the incidence of PPHN in TTTS twins and to identify risk factors in TTTS twins for the development of severe PPHN. Methods: Cases with severe PPHN were extracted from our monochorionic twin database (2002-2016). Severe PPHN was defined as severe hypoxaemia requiring mechanical ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) treatment, confirmed by strict echocardiographic criteria. A case-control comparison within TTTS survivors was conducted to identify risk factors for PPHN. Results: The incidence of PPHN in TTTS twins was 4% (24/598, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7-5.9%) and 0.4% (2/493, 95% CI 0.1-1.5%) in uncomplicated monochorionic twins (odds ratio [OR] 10.3, 95% CI 2.4-43.9; p = 0.002). Two risk factors were independently associated with PPHN: severe prematurity (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.0-11.4) and recipient status (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4-11.0). In TTTS recipients, another risk factor for PPHN is anaemia at birth (OR 7.2, 95% CI 1.8-29.6). Conclusion: Clinicians caring for neonates with TTTS should be aware of the 10-fold increased risk of PPHN compared to uncomplicated monochorionic twins. PPHN occurs more often in case of premature delivery and in recipient twins, particularly in the presence of anaemia at birth. As the development of severe PPHN is difficult to predict, we advise that all TTTS twins should be delivered in a tertiary care centre with iNO treatment options.

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“…26 Taken together, these histological abnormalities in MC twin placentas may be the cause impaired placental gaseous exchange and transfer of essential nutrients and by inference of abnormal growth. 27,28 Further studies are required to evaluate the risk of prematurity in relation to placental development in higher order multiples with MC placentas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal outcome of quadruplet pregnancies in relation to chorionicity

2006

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Objective: To compare the perinatal outcome of quadruplets in relation to chorionicity. Patients and methods:In this retrospective study, the maternal, neonatal and chorionicity data were collected from 24 sets of quadruplet pregnancies delivered between January 1985 and December 2001. Perinatal and neonatal data were evaluated in relation to chorionicity.Results: Sixteen pregnancies were quadra-chorionic quadramniotic (QC) and eight had at least one monochorionic pair (TC). The median gestational age at delivery was 31 weeks (23 to 34 weeks) with overall perinatal mortality rate of 177 per 1000 total birth. Delivery before 30 weeks (OR 89; 95% CI 9 to 607; P<0.01) and discordant birth weight of >25% (OR 7.6; 95% CI 2 to 29; P<0.01) had independent effects on perinatal loss rate. The perinatal loss was five fold higher in TC quadruplets than those of QC (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.7 to 15.4; P<0.001). This was attributed to higher risk of very low birth weight (69 vs 13%; P<0.01), delivery before 30 weeks (63 vs 13%; P<0.001) in TC quadruplets compared to QC gestation. Conclusions:The quadruplets with MC pair have 5 times higher perinatal mortality than quadra-chorionic quadruplet pregnancies owing to preterm delivery and discordant birth weight.

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Placental transport rather than maternal concentration of amino acids regulates fetal growth in monochorionic twins: Implications for fetal origin hypothesis

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants on human cord blood levels of glutamate

Influence of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants on human cord blood levels of glutamate

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Perinatal outcome of quadruplet pregnancies in relation to chorionicity

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