Placing Grid-Forming Converters to Enhance Small Signal Stability of PLL-Integrated Power Systems

Yang, Chaoran; Huang, Linbin; Xin, Huanhai; Ju, Ping

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2020.3042741

Cited by 112 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive impacts of GFMIs on the power network stability are investigated in [82] by means of the eigenvalue decomposition technique and the graph theory. In [82], it is mathematically shown that the grid strength, measured by the general short circuit ratio (gSCR) [83], from the point of view of a GFLI, is enhanced if GFMIs are installed in the network. The authors of [82] also propose two heuristic algorithms to determine optimal locations for the GFMI installations, with the objective of maximizing the smallest gSCR in the network.…”

Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [82], it is mathematically shown that the grid strength, measured by the general short circuit ratio (gSCR) [83], from the point of view of a GFLI, is enhanced if GFMIs are installed in the network. The authors of [82] also propose two heuristic algorithms to determine optimal locations for the GFMI installations, with the objective of maximizing the smallest gSCR in the network. However, the dynamics of the reactive power control of GFMIs is not included in this study.…”

Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

et al. 2021

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This paper surveys current literature on modeling methods, control techniques, protection schemes, applications, and real-world implementations pertaining to grid forming inverters (GFMIs). Electric power systems are increasingly being augmented with inverter-based resources (IBRs). While having a growing share of IBRs, conventional synchronous generator-based voltage and frequency control mechanisms are still prevalent in the power industry. Therefore, IBRs are experiencing a growing demand for mimicking the behavior of synchronous generators, which is not possible with conventional grid following inverters (GFLIs). As a solution, the concept of GFMIs is currently emerging, which is drawing increased attention from academia and the industry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of GFMIs covering recent advancements in control technologies, fault ride-through capabilities, stability enhancement measures, and practical implementations. Moreover, the challenges in adding GFMIs into existing power systems, including a seamless transition from grid-connected mode to the standalone mode and vice versa, are also discussed in detail. Recently commissioned projects in Australia, the UK, and the US are taken as examples to highlight the trend in the power industry in adding GFMIs to address issues related to weak grid scenarios. Research directions in terms of voltage control, frequency control, system strength improvement, and regulatory framework are also discussed. This paper serves as a resource for researchers and power system engineers exploring solutions to the emerging problems with high penetration of IBRs, focusing on GFMIs.INDEX TERMS Current control, fault ride-through, grid forming inverters, power synchronization control, small-signal and transient stability, virtual inertia.

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Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Small-signal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Intrinsically different from GFL converter, GFM converter is a controlled voltage source with the ability to generate AC voltage autonomously [37]. Thus, the GFM control commonly has a voltage control loop and a frequency control loop.…”

Section: Gfm Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In weak active power grids with large integration of RESs, it can be proven that GFM converters have robust small-signal stability [17], [62]. The integration of GFM converter also enhances the grid strength due to its voltage regulation capability [37]. Thus, the GFM converters are widely used to overcome the small-signal instability when integrated with weak active power grids [62]- [64].…”

Section: A Small-signal Stability Of Gfm Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Forming Converters in Renewable Energy Sources Dominated Power Grid: Control Strategy, Stability, Application, and Challenges

Zhang

Xiang

Lin

et al. 2021

Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

192

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The renewable energy sources (RESs) dominated power grid is an envisaged infrastructure of the future power system, where the commonly used grid following (GFL) control for grid-tied converters suffers from lacking grid support capability, low stability, etc. Recently, emerging grid forming (GFM) control methods have been proposed to improve the dynamic performance and stability of grid-tied converters. This paper reviews existing GFM control methods for the grid-tied converters and compares them in terms of control structure, grid support capability, fault current limiting, and stability. Considering the impact of fault current limiting strategies, a comprehensive transient stability analysis is provided. In addition, this paper explores the typical applications of GFM converters, such as AC microgrid and offshore wind farm high-voltage direct current (OWF-HVDC) integration systems. Finally, the challenges to the GFM converters in future applications are discussed.

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Seamless transfer of virtual synchronous generator using virtual synchronizing torque controller

Utkarsha,

Swami Naidu

2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Inverter‐dependent renewable energy sources are being integrated into the grid, raising several stability‐related difficulties. This is because these renewable sources have less inertia than synchronous generators. Since the power grid's overall inertia has improved, the introduction of virtual synchronous generators (VSG) has gained much attention. A robust microgrid system requires an effortless transition from grid‐connected to autonomous mode. This can be easily achieved with the help of VSGs. The angle, frequency, and magnitude of the grid voltage needed for synchronization have traditionally been determined by phase‐locked‐loop (PLL). The virtual synchronizing torque and voltage‐based synchronization controller for simple switching between islanding and grid‐connected modes are presented in this study. The proposed method requires no additional controller to identify the unwanted islanding situations because the operating mode can be identified with the help of synchronizing torque. The proposed method does not need to shift to different control algorithms while changing between grid connection and stand‐alone modes. The effectiveness of the suggested controller is established by comparing the experimental prototype of the VSG incorporating the proposed controller to the existing synchronization methods.

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Placing Grid-Forming Converters to Enhance Small Signal Stability of PLL-Integrated Power Systems

Cited by 112 publications

References 25 publications

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

Grid Forming Inverter Modeling, Control, and Applications

Grid Forming Converters in Renewable Energy Sources Dominated Power Grid: Control Strategy, Stability, Application, and Challenges

Seamless transfer of virtual synchronous generator using virtual synchronizing torque controller

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