Planar Bragg Grating Sensors—Fabrication and Applications: A Review

Sparrow, I.J.G.; Smith, Peter G. R.; Emmerson, G.D.; Watts, S.P.; Riziotis, Christos

doi:10.1155/2009/607647

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The upper cladding directly above the sensor gratings was then removed using a microfluidic wet etch procedure, after which a high-index titanium oxide overlayer was deposited onto the etched surface to increase the sensitivity to refractive index [19]. Sensor chips were finally coupled with optical fibres in order to obtain optical spectra.…”

Section: Sensor Chip Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the development of a novel sensing platform, SpectroSens TM , based on optical integrated circuits leveraged from the telecommunications industry, has been reported, where highprecision Bragg gratings written into planar silica substrates are exploited as low-cost refractive index sensors [18] (and reviewed in [19]). Bragg gratings act as sensitive wavelength filters, reflecting light at precisely defined wavelengths governed by the following equation:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multi-purpose optical biosensors for real-time detection of bacteria, viruses and toxins

Bhatta

Stadden

Hashem

et al. 2010

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Section: Sensor Chip Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-purpose optical biosensors for real-time detection of bacteria, viruses and toxins

Bhatta

Stadden

Hashem

et al. 2010

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…The main ICT enablers for e-maintenance are web-based and semantic maintenance [13], taking into account interoperability considerations (typically the Machinery Information Open System Alliance, MIMOSA, standard-www.mimosa.org), mobile and context-aware computing [2], cloud computing and smart data management [14], as well as wireless sensing and identification [3,4]. An e-maintenance architecture has been developed that seeks to employ such technologies to vertically integrate data and processes from the shop floor up to the level of maintenance management [7].…”

Section: The Welcom E-maintenance Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The WelCOM e-maintenance architecture Fig. 2 The concept of context as a driver of adaptation in asset management services context [14]. A key underlying concept is the decoupling of the computational infrastructure for detection, diagnosis, prognosis and maintenance support.…”

Section: The Welcom E-maintenance Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Condition Monitoring Integrating Smart Computing and Optical Sensor Technologies

Emmanouilidis

Riziotis

2014

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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Condition monitoring is increasingly benefitting from the application of emerging technologies, such as mobile computing and wireless sensors, including photonics sensors. The latter can be applicable to diverse application needs, due to their versatility, low costs, installation and operational flexibility, as well as unique safety and reliable operation characteristics in real industrial environments of excessive electromagnetic interference and noise. Coupling the monitoring flexibility offered by photonics technologies, with the data transmission flexibility of wireless networking provides opportunities to develop hybrid wireless sensor solutions, incorporating optical sensors into wireless condition monitoring architectures. This paper presents ongoing work within an integrated architecture for condition monitoring and maintenance management support, exploiting the added value of optical technology, inherently safe with respect to electromagnetic compatibility. The reported results are part of a collaborative project involving technology providers in wireless sensor networking, embedded systems and maintenance engineering, as well as research organizations active on photonics technologies and informatics for wireless and intelligence-enabled engineering asset management. The industrial test cases are from a lifts manufacturing industry, focusing on both production facilities assets, as well as on the end-product. The photonic platform of plastic optical fibers was selected due to its versatility and suitability for rapid customization and prototyping. The platform can serve diverse sensing and monitoring needs, ranging from physical parameters as strain and displacement in machinery parts, to chemical and biochemical monitoring of industrial-grade coolants' aging. Use of novel nanostructured optical materials together with laser-based micromachining techniques enabled the functional enhancement through rapid prototyping of optical fiber devices towards highly

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“…Simultaneous definition of both a channel waveguide and Bragg gratings can be achieved via a process known as Direct Grating Writing. Reference [2] provides a thorough review on the fabrication and development of UV written planar Bragg grating sensors. This work looks at depositing a porous layer onto the surface of these sensors for oxygen detection, as shown in Figure 1 Silica sol-gels are an inorganic porous matrix of a solid glass-like material [3].…”

Section: School Of Chemistry University Of Southamptonmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated bragg grating oxygen sensor using a hydrophobic sol-gel layer doped with an organic dye

Wales

Parker

Gates

et al. 2011

2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and 12th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO EUROPE/EQEC)

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Oxygen sensing is required for the understanding of many chemical processes across a diverse set of fields including medicine, environmental science and chemical synthesis. Oxygen sensing can be achieved through the use of electronic sensors. However, there are limitations associated with electronic sensors including susceptibility to electromagnetic interference and presenting a spark risk in flammable environments. Optical fiber and integrated optical chemical sensors overcome these limitations of electrical based sensing methods.It has been previously shown that a planar optical waveguide containing a Bragg grating is an effective method of detecting minute changes in refractive index [1]. The evanescent field of the optical mode within an unclad waveguide containing a Bragg grating interacts with a chemical analyte. This device works by detecting the associated effective index change when the analyte is altered. The change in effective index of the mode is directly proportional to the Bragg wavelength of the grating. Accurate spectral measurement provides high dynamic range with observable changes in the effective refractive index of 10 -6 . The waveguides are fabricated in a flame hydrolysis deposited layer of germanium doped silica. Simultaneous definition of both a channel waveguide and Bragg gratings can be achieved via a process known as Direct Grating Writing. Reference [2] provides a thorough review on the fabrication and development of UV written planar Bragg grating sensors. This work looks at depositing a porous layer onto the surface of these sensors for oxygen detection, as shown in Figure 1 Silica sol-gels are an inorganic porous matrix of a solid glass-like material [3]. Low temperature hydrolysis of tetraalkoxysilanes forms liquid silica sols which can be spin deposited and densified with heat treatment to form thin film layer/s. Silica sol-gel thin films have been widely utilised in sensing applications. However, silica solgels typically demonstrate cracking upon gelation and/or densification reducing the mechanical and optical qualities of the thin film. Non-cracking organically modified silica sol-gel thin films that were shown to encapsulate organic dyes have been demonstrated by Haruvy and Webber [4]. It is well known that methylene blue, an organic dye molecule, exhibits a reversible colour change upon exposure to oxygen [5] as shown in Figure 1(b). This quantitative change in absorption possesses an associated change in refractive index. We will show that methylene blue can be encapsulated within a porous, hydrophobic, non-cracking silica sol-gel. Spin deposition and heat treatment form a layer of the sol-gel several microns thick onto the integrated device to produce a gaseous oxygen sensor.We shall present our latest work combining engineered oxygen sensitive sol-gels with high sensitivity integrated Bragg sensors for distributed oxygen sensing. References1R.M. Parker, J.C. Gates, M.C. Grossel, P.G.R. Smith, "In vacuo measurement of the sensitivity limit of planar Bragg grating se...

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Planar Bragg Grating Sensors—Fabrication and Applications: A Review

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Multi-purpose optical biosensors for real-time detection of bacteria, viruses and toxins

Multi-purpose optical biosensors for real-time detection of bacteria, viruses and toxins

Wireless Condition Monitoring Integrating Smart Computing and Optical Sensor Technologies

An integrated bragg grating oxygen sensor using a hydrophobic sol-gel layer doped with an organic dye

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