Planar Photonics with Metasurfaces

Kildishev, Alexander V.; Boltasseva, Alexandra; Shalaev, Vladimir M.

doi:10.1126/science.1232009

Cited by 2,640 publications

(1,878 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…3 This concept breaks the dependence on phase retardation arising from optical path length in bulky optics and thus allows us to realize exotic functionality, including anomalous reflection and refraction, 4,5 or broadband polarization conversion. 6 As such, metasurfaces promise unparalleled applications in sensing, 2 imaging, 7 and communications. 8 To ensure that the functionality of metasurfaces can be harnessed for real-world applications, the ability to tune their response becomes important.…”

Section: Abstract: Nanophotonics · Stretchable Electronics · Subwavelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Tunable Dielectric Resonator Metasurfaces at Visible Frequencies

Gutruf¹,

et al. 2015

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Devices that manipulate light represent the future of information processing. Flat optics and structures with subwavelength periodic features (metasurfaces) provide compact and efficient solutions. The key bottleneck is efficiency, and replacing metallic resonators with dielectric resonators has been shown to significantly enhance performance. To extend the functionalities of dielectric metasurfaces to real-world optical applications, the ability to tune their properties becomes important. In this article, we present a mechanically tunable all-dielectric metasurface. This is composed of an array of dielectric resonators embedded in an elastomeric matrix. The optical response of the structure under a uniaxial strain is analyzed by mechanical−electromagnetic co-simulations. It is experimentally demonstrated that the metasurface exhibits remarkable resonance shifts. Analysis using a Lagrangian model reveals that strain modulates the near-field mutual interaction between resonant dielectric elements. The ability to control and alter inter-resonator coupling will position dielectric metasurfaces as functional elements of reconfigurable optical devices.

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Section: Abstract: Nanophotonics · Stretchable Electronics · Subwavelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Tunable Dielectric Resonator Metasurfaces at Visible Frequencies

Gutruf¹,

et al. 2015

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“…The question we are aiming to address in this report is what happens when a wave propagating in a 3D medium interacts with a 2D array of local oscillators forming a locally resonant "metasurface" [13]. Will the hybridization with the local resonance yield a guided mode and how will the dispersion of this guided mode look like?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Will the hybridization with the local resonance yield a guided mode and how will the dispersion of this guided mode look like? While transmission and reflection of electromagnetic and acoustic waves by metasurfaces are being actively investigated [11,[13][14][15][16], general waveguiding properties of metasurfaces remain largely unexplored. We will show that a 2D oscillator array supports a guided mode at frequencies below the local resonance frequency, as shown in Fig 1(b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveguiding by a locally resonant metasurface

Maznev

Gusev

2015

Phys. Rev. B

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Dispersion relations for acoustic and electromagnetic waves guided by resonant inclusions located at the surface of an elastic solid or an interface between two media are analyzed theoretically within the effective medium approximation. Oscillators on the surface of an elastic half-space are shown to give rise to a Love-type surface acoustic wave only existing below the oscillator frequency. A simple dispersion relation governing this system is shown to also hold for electromagnetic waves guided by Lorentz oscillators at an interface between two media with equal dielectric constants. Different kinds of behavior of the dispersion of the resonantly guided mode depending on whether the bulk wave in the absence of oscillators can propagate along the surface or interface are identified.

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“…16,17 Metasurfaces, the 2D counterpart of metamaterials, 18,19 consist of a planar arrangement of resonant subwavelength-sized building blocks. 20 By appropriately designing the blocks and their arrangement, metasurfaces provide an ultra-thin platform for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. Novel phenomena and applications based on metasurfaces range from broadband light bending and anomalous reflection and refraction [21][22][23] to strong spin-orbit interactions of light.…”

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confidence: 99%

Graphene as a Tunable Anisotropic or Isotropic Plasmonic Metasurface

et al. 2016

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We demonstrate a tunable plasmonic metasurface by considering a graphene sheet subject to a periodically patterned doping level. The unique optical properties of graphene result in electrically tunable plasmons that allow for extreme confinement of electromagnetic energy in the technologically significant regime of THz frequencies.Here we add an extra degree of freedom by using graphene as a metasurface, proposing to dope it with an electrical gate patterned in the micron or sub-micron scale. By extracting the effective conductivity of the sheet we characterize metasurfaces periodically modulated along one or two directions. In the first case, and making use of the analytical insight provided by transformation optics, we show an efficient control of THz radiation for one polarization. In the second case, we demonstrate a metasurface with an isotropic response that is independent of wave polarization and orientation.Graphene, an atomically-thin layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, features outstanding mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. 1 Its characteristic linear * To whom correspondence should be addressed 1 dispersion for electrons close to the Dirac point results in the possibility of tuning the carrier concentration by external means. 2 In particular, graphene can be biased by electrical gating or surface doping, which modifies its Fermi level and permits the existence of surface plasmons propagating along graphene. Because of the two-dimensional (2D) nature of this material, the surface plasmons it supports have very short wavelengths and exhibit extreme out-of-plane confinement to the sheet, as has already been demonstrated in a number of experiments. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Compared to the noble metals commonly employed for plasmonics, 12 graphene has a low carrier concentration, and, for this reason, plasmons in graphene are relatively long-lived and appear at lower frequencies. While the plasmonic response of metals is weak at the infrared or lower frequencies, graphene plasmons exist in the THz regime with relatively low losses. 13-15 These facts, added to the important ingredient of tunability, make graphene a very suitable platform for the design of plasmonic metasurfaces in the THz regime. 16,17 Metasurfaces, the 2D counterpart of metamaterials, 18,19 consist of a planar arrangement of resonant subwavelength-sized building blocks. 20 By appropriately designing the blocks and their arrangement, metasurfaces provide an ultra-thin platform for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. Novel phenomena and applications based on metasurfaces range from broadband light bending and anomalous reflection and refraction 21-23 to strong spin-orbit interactions of light. 24In this work, we study graphene as a plasmonic metasurface that offers the potential to control radiation in the THz regime. Different from previous studies, 16,17 which focused on patterning the graphene, here we consider a continuous graphene sheet with periodically modulated doping. This gives rise ...

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Planar Photonics with Metasurfaces

Cited by 2,640 publications

References 66 publications

Mechanically Tunable Dielectric Resonator Metasurfaces at Visible Frequencies

Mechanically Tunable Dielectric Resonator Metasurfaces at Visible Frequencies

Waveguiding by a locally resonant metasurface

Graphene as a Tunable Anisotropic or Isotropic Plasmonic Metasurface

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