Planar polyphthalocyanine cobalt absorbed on carbon black as stable electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cell

Xu, Guangyang; Liu, Guohong; Wang, Suwen; Yu, Xiaojiao

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.01.056

Cited by 54 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have become popular for use in portable electronic devices, such as cell phones and laptops as well as in the transportation sector, due to their high energy density and quick refueling characteristics [1,2]. However, DMFCs typically require expensive and scarce noble metal Pt-Ru catalysts at the anode for methanol oxidations; hence, there is a demand for the design of highly efficient and cost-effective alternatives [3][4][5]. Nickel, a transition metal, is cheap and abundant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Electrocatalytic Mechanism of Methanol Oxidation on Amorphous Ni-B-Co Nanoparticles in Alkaline Media

Zhang

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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Despite an increased interest in sustainable energy conversion systems, there have been limited studies investigating the electrocatalytic reaction mechanism of methanol oxidation on Ni-based amorphous materials in alkaline media. A thorough understanding of such mechanisms would aid in the development of amorphous catalytic materials for methanol oxidation reactions. In the present work, amorphous Ni-B and Ni-B-Co nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical reduction, and their electrocatalytic properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry measurements. The diffusion coefficients (D0) for Ni-B, Ni-B-Co0.02, Ni-B-Co0.05, and Ni-B-Co0.1 nanoparticles were calculated to be 1.28 × 10−9, 2.35 × 10−9, 4.48 × 10−9 and 2.67 × 10−9 cm2 s−1, respectively. The reaction order of methanol in the studied transformation was approximately 0.5 for all studied catalysts, whereas the reaction order of the hydroxide ion was nearly 1. The activation energy (Ea) values of the reaction were also calculated for the Ni-B and Ni-B-Co nanoparticle systems. Based on our kinetic studies, a mechanism for the methanol oxidation reaction was proposed which involved formation of an electrocatalytic layer on the surface of amorphous Ni–B and Ni-B-Co nanoparticles. And methanol and hydroxide ions could diffuse freely through this three-dimensional porous conductive layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Electrocatalytic Mechanism of Methanol Oxidation on Amorphous Ni-B-Co Nanoparticles in Alkaline Media

Zhang

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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“…These promising cathodic catalysts have shown reasonable activity and selectivity toward ORR. [1][2][3][4] However, practical catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells require strong activity and high durability, which are major barriers for metalloporphyrins.…”

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confidence: 99%

Durability of Polytetraphenylporphyrin Cobalt Adsorbed on Carbon Black as an Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Ji¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Polytetraphenylporphyrin Co͑II͒ ͑PTPPCo͒ is obtained by heat-treating 5,10,15,20-tetra͑4-carboxyphenyl͒-porphyrin Co͑II͒ at 400°C in an argon atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis is used to evaluate the thermal stability of PTPPCo. Oxidation resistance of PTPPCo is measured by refluxing in Fentons reagent for 72 h. The ultraviolet-visible spectra indicate that PTPPCo is not decomposed and cobalt ion is not exfoliated. Polytetraphenylporphyrin Co/C ͑PTPPCo/C͒ is obtained by the heat-treatment of PTPPCo, which is adsorbed on Vulcan XC-72 with 6 wt % Co-N 4 loading, at 600°C in an Ar atmosphere. Cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronoamperometry tests are performed in order to observe the catalyst durability in different conditions. Almost no performance deficiency is observed after 10,000 continuous voltammetric cycles, 200 potentiometric cycles, and 60 h of chronoamperometry test. PTPPCo/C catalysts display significant chemical stability and electrocatalytic durability. These catalysts may be useful for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.Metalloporphyrin catalysts have been extensively explored as a potential replacement for Pt in the catalysis of the oxygen reduction reactions ͑ORRs͒. They are transition metal N 4 -chelates. These promising cathodic catalysts have shown reasonable activity and selectivity toward ORR. 1-4 However, practical catalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells require strong activity and high durability, which are major barriers for metalloporphyrins.The activity and durability of transition metal macrocycles for ORR catalysis are generally considered to be significantly improved by heat-treatment. In the past several decades, heat-treatment has significantly improved the ORR durability and activity of carbonsupported macrocyclic catalysts. Tetraphenylporphyrin Co͑II͒, phthalocyanine Fe͑II͒, and Co͑II͒ tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin, adsorbed on carbon and heat-treated from 700 to 950°C in argon atmosphere, have shown relatively high activities. 5-7 However, due to the high temperature heat-treatment, the catalytic center ͑Metal-N 4 ͒ moiety can be partially or completely decomposed, forming new catalytic sites, which are no longer N 4 -macrocycles. Some research studies 7-9 claim that nanometallic face-centered metal cluster ͑Metal/N/C͒ was embedded in graphitic carbon at the surface of the catalyst after heat-treatment exceeding 700°C. Porphyrin metal decompose to ␤-metal phase under high temperature, so people want to use inexpensive, easily available material replacements for macrocyclic compounds. Pyrolyzing a mixture of metallic salt, organic precursor, and ammonia in an inert atmosphere 10-13 or loading an iron precursor such as MetalAc and phen ͑or perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride͒ on carbon black and then by a heattreatment in NH 3 refer to the products as Metal/N/C electrocatalysts. 14 However, the structures of these catalysts are not defined well enough for a true quantitative study. 14 In acid medium, they show poor durability due to the loss of...

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“…Metal (a) Non-pyrolyzed M-N x /C materials Transition metal macrocycle compounds have been employed in many catalysis applications for various processes over the decades [129,162]. And after M-N x /C materials (cobalt phthalocyanines, CoPc, metal-N 4 chelates) were reported to be able to catalyze ORR in 25% KOH electrolyte [163], transition metal porphyrins such as tetraphenyl porphyrin, tetramethoxy tetraphenyl porphyrin and phthalocyanine (Pc) have been thoroughly studied in the development of novel ORR electrocatalysts [73,129,[164][165][166][167]. Although the results of these studies have not been ideal because the activity and stability of these non-pyrolyzed M-N x /C catalysts were insufficient for energy storage systems [129], they can act as example systems for fundamental research because their well-defined structures can allow researchers to easily correlate catalyst structural features to exhibited ORR activities and stabilities in which the ORR activity catalyzed by these well-defined structured catalysts has been found to be directly related to the metal ion centers coordinated by ligands [168].…”

Section: Non-precious Metal Single Atom Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progresses in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Energy Applications

Wang

et al. 2019

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

203

106

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Electrochemical energy storage systems such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries can be used as clean power sources for electric vehicles. In these systems, one necessary reaction at the cathode is the catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is the rate-determining factor affecting overall system performance. Therefore, to increase the rate of ORR for enhanced system performances, efficient electrocatalysts are essential. And although ORR electrocatalysts have been intensively explored and developed, significant breakthroughs have yet been achieved in terms of catalytic activity, stability, cost and associated electrochemical system performance. Based on this, this review will comprehensively present the recent progresses of ORR electrocatalysts, including precious metal catalysts, non-precious metal catalysts, single-atom catalysts and metal-free catalysts. In addition, major technical challenges are analyzed and possible future research directions to overcome these challenges are proposed to facilitate further research and development toward practical application.

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Planar polyphthalocyanine cobalt absorbed on carbon black as stable electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cell

Cited by 54 publications

References 24 publications

New Insights into the Electrocatalytic Mechanism of Methanol Oxidation on Amorphous Ni-B-Co Nanoparticles in Alkaline Media

New Insights into the Electrocatalytic Mechanism of Methanol Oxidation on Amorphous Ni-B-Co Nanoparticles in Alkaline Media

Durability of Polytetraphenylporphyrin Cobalt Adsorbed on Carbon Black as an Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Recent Progresses in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Energy Applications

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