Planck Mass Rotons as Cold Dark Matter and Quintessence

Abstract

According to the Planck aether hypothesis, the vacuum of space is a superfluid made up of Planck mass particles, with the particles of the standard model explained as quasiparticle - excitations of this superfluid. Astrophysical data suggests that ≈70% of the vacuum energy, called quintessence, is a negative pressure medium, with ≈26% cold dark matter and the remaining ≈4% baryonic matter and radiation. This division in parts is about the same as for rotons in superfluid helium, in terms of the Debye energy with a ≈70% energy gap and ≈25% kinetic energy. Having the structure of small vortices, the rotons act like a caviton fluid with a negative pressure. Replacing the Debye energy with the Planck energy, it is conjectured that cold dark matter and quintessence are Planck mass rotons with an energy below the Planck energy.

A Theorem Relative to the Centrifugal Force Exerted Over a Relativistic Quantum Particle

“…On the other hand, by expanding (2) in Taylor series around v = 0 up to the second order, we get F m 0 v 2 r which represents the non-relativistic case, as expected.…”

“…Proof: We will prove the above result by using the concept of relativistic centrifugal force whose magnitude is given in formulas (1) or (2). Then, we determine the quantum operator for (1) so we have, given that p i :…”

“…Issues related to the mass of quantum particles are certainly very interesting [1,2]. Consider, for example, the neutrino rest-mass.…”

A zero-point energy approach for estimating the photon mass

“…[3] namely m 0 t3.5 Â 10 À49 g which corresponds to a Compton wavelength l c ¼ _=ðm 0 cÞ of \1 Â 10 9 m [3]). Now we define the spectrum, in the wavelength domain, of the ground-state energy involved in formula (1) as follows [5,6]:…”

Estimation of the photon rest-mass from gravitational interaction

“…This method may be regarded as included in the framework of the key questions relative to quantum foam (ether or space-time foam). A considerable part of these questions remain open due partly to a notable lack of criticism to certain theories that have not been able to solve crucial problems relative to the manifest incompatibility between quantum mechanics and general relativity [6].…”