“…Curriculum (n = 10) De Taber, 2003;Othman et al, 2008;Cooper et al, 2012;Broman and Parchmann, 2014;Sibanda and Hobden, 2015;Bergqvist and Chang Rundgren, 2017;Chen et al, 2017;Cheng and Gilbert, 2017Sibanda, 2018Student understanding (n = 26) Birk and Kurtz, 1999Harrison and Treagust, 2000;Coll and Treagust, 2001;Coll and Treagust, 2002;Coll and Treagust, 2003;Taber, 2003;Çalik, 2005;Toplis, 2008;Kahveci, 2009;Schmidt et al, 2009;Kind and Kind, 2011;Kabapinar, 2013;Luxford and Bretz, 2013;Broman and Parchmann, 2014;Cheng and Gilbert, 2014;Cokelez et al, 2014;Kind, 2014;Uyulgan et al, 2014;Akkuzu and Uyulgan, 2016;Cheng and Oon, 2016;Mutlu and Sesen, 2016;Vladus ˇic ´et al, 2016;Bergqvist and Chang Rundgren, 2017;Joki and Aksela, 2018;Sibanda, 2018 Instructional strategies and representations (n = 30) This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023…”