Planning and plan implementation: notes on evaluation criteria

Alexander, Ernest R.; Faludi, Andreas

doi:10.1068/b160127

Cited by 184 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…In planning theory, two criteria have been proposed in order to evaluate the above form of 'effectiveness': performance and conformance (see Alexander and Faludi, 1989;Barrett and Fudge, 1981;Faludi, 2000;Mastop and Faludi, 1997). When evaluating the effectiveness of a plan in terms of conformance, one assesses whether "a determinate relationship between intention and outcome" of a plan can be found (Alexander and Faludi, 1989: 189).…”

Section: Effectiveness In Planning Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of SEA: Towards a better understanding

Doren

Driessen

Schijf

et al. 2013

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oEvaluating the substantive effectiveness of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is vital in order to know to what extent the tool fulfills its purposes and produces expected results. However, the studies that have evaluated the substantive effectiveness of SEA produce varying outcomes as regards the tool's contribution to decision-making and have used a variety of approaches to appraise its effectiveness. The aim of this article is to discuss the theoretical concept of SEA substantive effectiveness and to present a new approach that can be applied for evaluation studies. The SEA effectiveness evaluation framework that will be presented is composed of concepts of, and approaches to, SEA effectiveness derived from SEA literature and planning theory. Lessons for evaluation can be learned from planning theory in particular, given its long history of analyzing and understanding how sources of information and decisions affect (subsequent) decision-making. Key concepts of this new approach are 'conformance' and 'performance'. In addition, this article presents a systematic overview of process and context factors that can explain SEA effectiveness, derived from SEA literature. To illustrate the practical value of our framework for the assessment and understanding of substantive effectiveness of SEA, three Dutch SEA case studies are examined. The case studies have confirmed the usefulness of the SEA effectiveness assessment framework. The framework proved helpful in order to describe the cumulative influence of the three SEAs on decision-making and the ultimate plan.

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Section: Effectiveness In Planning Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of SEA: Towards a better understanding

Doren

Driessen

Schijf

et al. 2013

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

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show abstract

“…The plan may still be a framework for deliberations, but the act of simply following the plan is not a criterion of performance (contrast to Alexander and Faludi, 1989;Mastop, 2000), as following a poor plan does not improve decisionmaking nor has the plan proven to be a good investment in future decisionmaking. On the contrary, it can be an indicator of group think (Janis and Mann, 1977), as pressure for conformity is one of the symptoms of this phenomenon.…”

Section: The Performance Criterion or Measuring Improvements In Decmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stagnation in Housing Production: Another Success in the Dutch ‘Planner's Paradise’?

Altes

2006

Environ Plann B Plann Des

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Abstract. There are a number of different criteria for measuring the success of plans in planning. In the planning literature there is a debate about the criterion of conformance (that is, whether spatial development is according to plan) as opposed to performance (that is, whether the plan has shown the way to better decisionmaking), which is, in fact, different from performance measurement. In this paper both criteria are applied to measure the success of Dutch national concentration policies in the``Fourth Memorandum on Spatial PlanningöPlus''. The author shows that the urban containment policies conform well to the plan but perform badly in terms of improving current decisionmaking on the stagnation of housing production in the Netherlands. Moreover, the present stagnation of housing production is planned stagnation. With this result, the author shows that conformance and performance are independent criteria for measuring planning success, and that plans (as set out in the``Fourth Memorandum on Spatial PlanningöPlus'') with high conformance may still perform badly on the performance criterion.

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“…The main 'nature' of the plan is, consequently, regulatory, usually through a land-use zoning design. Scholarly literature (Alexander and Faludi, 1989;Mastop and Faludi, 1997;Faludi, 2000) as well as many examples highlight the limits of conforming planning. This is mainly due to the difficulty of plan implementation in the context of 'putting together' (in a conforming, top-down approach) multi-level collective strategies within a growing plurality of local visions, ideas or projects of spatial development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Planning to Management of Cultural Heritage Sites: Controversies and Conflicts Between Unesco WHL Management Plans and Local Spatial Planning in South-Eastern Sicily

Piccolo

Todaro

2015

ESR&P

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The paper investigates the relationship between the preservation of cultural heritage and planning in UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL) sites, with special reference to the relation between Management Plans and other (local and regional) planning instruments and policies able to influence the promotion of sustainable and responsible development. This will be explored through a case study related to South-Eastern Sicilian UNESCO sites (in particular Syracuse). The analysis of this case study will point out the challenge of integrating different management and planning regimes - which mainly refer to a performative model - in a (still) very conformative planning system. The paper will show how supranational protection tools and models often lose their efficacy in relation to local planning systems.

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Planning and plan implementation: notes on evaluation criteria

Cited by 184 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of SEA: Towards a better understanding

Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of SEA: Towards a better understanding

Stagnation in Housing Production: Another Success in the Dutch ‘Planner's Paradise’?

From Planning to Management of Cultural Heritage Sites: Controversies and Conflicts Between Unesco WHL Management Plans and Local Spatial Planning in South-Eastern Sicily

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