Planning Dysfunction in Non-Psychotic Unipolar Depressed Patients: Assessement by a Computerized Version of the Tower of London Task

Moniz, Marco; Jesus, Saúl Neves de; Viseu, João; Gonçalves, Eduardo; Pacheco, Andreia; Baptista, Ana Sofia

doi:10.5539/ijps.v8n1p119

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Therefore, our first hypothesis (i.e., that individuals with depression will perform more poorly than individuals without depression) was only partially confirmed. Confirming our second hypothesis, the group of patients with depression were outperformed by the healthy individuals on most tests assessing executive functions, in line with studies that found changes in planning (Beats et al, 1996;Elliott et al, 1996;Moniz et al, 2016b;Rogers et al, 2004;Wagner et al, 2012), decision making (Cella et al, 2010;Moniz et al, 2016c), set shifting (Degl'Innocenti et al, 1998;Harvey et al, 2004;Moniz et al, 2016a;Moritz et al, 2002;Stordal et al, 2004), and inhibitory control (Gohier et al, 2009;Harvey et al, 2004;Moniz et al, 2016d;Stordal et al, 2004). Similar to what has been reported by Moniz et al (2017), our group of patients with depression did not perform worse than healthy individuals in GNG commission errors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Inspired by the Tower of Hanoi, a classic problem-solving puzzle (Kaller, Unterrainer, Rahm, & Halsband, 2004;McKinlay & McLellan, 2011;Newman, Greco, & Lee, 2009), the TOL is a visuospatial planning task (Kaller et al, 2004;McKinlay & McLellan, 2011;Newman et al, 2009). We used the Portuguese version (Moniz et al, 2016b) of the computerized TOL from the PEBL (Mueller & Piper, 2014), which does not differ from the manual versions in terms of the level of difficulty (McKinlay & McLellan, 2011). Its reliability and validity were demonstrated by Piper et al (2015), with a test-retest correlation coefficient of r = .36.…”

Section: Tower Of London Task (Tol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although executive functioning is a central point in depression, particularly in unipolar depression (Rogers et al, 2004;Stordal et al, 2004;Wagner, Doering, Helmreich, Lieb, & Tadić, 2012), there is lack of knowledge about which type of executive functions are affected with depression. Previous studies indicate differences between unipolar depressed patients and healthy individuals in set shifting (assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) (Degl'Innocenti, Agren, & Bäckman, 1998;Harvey et al, 2004;Moniz et al, 2016a;Moritz et al, 2002;Stordal et al, 2004), planning (assessed with the Tower of London) (Beats, Sahakian, & Levy, 1996;Elliott et al, 1996;Moniz et al, 2016b;Rogers et al, 2004;Wagner et al, 2012), decision making (assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task) (Cella, Dymond, & Cooper, 2010;Moniz, Neves de Jesus, Gonçalves, Pacheco, & Viseu, 2016c), and inhibitory control (assessed by Stroop tasks) (Gohier et al, 2009;Harvey et al, 2004;Moniz et al, 2016d;Stordal et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Performance in Non-Psychotic Non-Suicidal Unipolar Depressed Patients

Moniz

2018

Psychologist Practice & Research

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Background: Cognitive impairment is central in depression and executive dysfunctions in patients with depression are frequent. However, little attention has been paid to the specificities of executive changes in patients with unipolar depression, though these modifications may have serious implications for psychosocial functions and treatment of these patients.Goals: To compare neuropsychological performance, regarding executive functions, of two adult groups: non-psychotic non-suicide attempters with unipolar depression and healthy individuals.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data collected in an outpatient clinic of mental health service of a general hospital. Wecompared a group of non-psychotic non-suicidal unipolar depressed patients to a group of individuals without depression. Depressed subjects were controlled for prior suicidal attempts, and their neuropsychological profile was assessed using a range of measures of attention, verbal fluency, memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functioning (planning, decision making, set shifting, response inhibition, and inhibitory control).Results: The group with depression (n=23) was significantly outperformed by the group of healthy individuals (n=23) in all measures. Also, differences in the executive functions of planning, decision making, set shifting, and inhibitory control were confirmed. We were unable to identify differences between non-suicidal individuals with depression and individuals without depression in terms of response inhibition, as has been the case in previous studies with samples with suicidal unipolar depressive patients.Discussion: These results reinforce the hypothesis that there are specific alterations in patients with depression and highlight the need to develop specific cognitive rehabilitation programs for this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Tower Of London Task (Tol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Performance in Non-Psychotic Non-Suicidal Unipolar Depressed Patients

Moniz

2018

Psychologist Practice & Research

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“…Inspired by Tower of Hanoi, a classic problem-solving puzzle ( Kaller, Unterrainer, Rahm, & Halsband, 2004 ; McKinlay & McLellan, 2011 ; Newman, Greco, & Lee, 2009 ), TOL is a visuospatial planning task ( Kaller et al, 2004 ; McKinlay & McLellan, 2011 ; Newman et al, 2009 ). We used the Portuguese version ( Moniz, De Jesus, Viseu, Gonçalves, Pacheco, & Baptista, 2016 ) of the computerized TOL from PEBL ( Mueller & Piper, 2014 ), which does not differ from the manual versions in terms of the level of difficulty ( McKinlay & McLellan, 2011 ). The reliability and validity study was demonstrated by Piper et al (2015) , with a correlation coefficient of .36.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of planning and response inhibition on cognitive functioning of non-psychotic unipolar depressed suicide attempters

et al. 2017

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Depression is one of the main risk factors for suicide. However, little is known about the intricate relationships among depressive symptomatology in unipolar depression, suicide risk, and the characteristics of executive dysfunction in depressed patients. We compared 20 non-psychotic unipolar depressed suicide attempters to 20 matching depressed non-attempters and to 20 healthy controls to further investigate the possible differences in neuropsychological performance. Depressed subjects were controlled for current suicidal ideation, and their neuropsychological profile was assessed using a range of measures of executive functioning, attention, verbal memory, processing speed, and psychomotor speed. Depressed groups were outperformed by healthy controls. Depressed attempters presented more cognitive impairment than depressed non-attempters on a simple Go/No-go response inhibition task and performed better than non-attempters on the Tower of London planning task. Depressed attempters were clearly distinguished by a deficit in response inhibition (Go/No-go commission errors). The normative planning performance (Tower of London extra moves) of the suicide attempters was unexpected, and this unanticipated finding calls for further research. Normative planning may indicate an increased risk of suicidal behavior.

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Neural and Cognitive Markers and Regulation of Emotion in Depression: A Mini-Review and a Short Case Report

Gonçalves¹,

Moniz²,

Alexandre³

2017

OJPsych

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In the presented short clinical case of depression, the constructs of Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) of loss (negative valence systems) and cognitive control (cognitive systems) have been operationalized. It has been concluded that a normal cognitive control of emotion, requiring the functional and structural integrity of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), is lacking in depression, but its amelioration can be achieved through the implementation of cognitive remediation/rehabilitation programs. A mini-review on neural and cognitive markers and regulation of emotion in depression is previously presented.

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Planning Dysfunction in Non-Psychotic Unipolar Depressed Patients: Assessement by a Computerized Version of the Tower of London Task

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Cognitive Performance in Non-Psychotic Non-Suicidal Unipolar Depressed Patients

Cognitive Performance in Non-Psychotic Non-Suicidal Unipolar Depressed Patients

The influence of planning and response inhibition on cognitive functioning of non-psychotic unipolar depressed suicide attempters

Neural and Cognitive Markers and Regulation of Emotion in Depression: A Mini-Review and a Short Case Report

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