Planning sources, planning difficulty and verbal fluency

Leader cognition in real-world settings: How do leaders think about crises?

“…Third, embedded in case-based knowledge are models that might be used to understand and respond to the crisis at hand. Some support for the application of case-based knowledge in resolving change events has been provided in studies by Berger & Jordan (1992), and Hershey, Walsh, Read, & Chulef (1990). In the Berger and Jordan study people, undergraduates, were asked to generate plans for addressing change events, for example asking someone to change their opinion on becoming a millionaire.…”

“…In fact, there are a number of reasons one might expect case-based knowledge to be applied in leaders' attempts to solve crisis problems. First, case-based or autobiographical knowledge is known to be integral to planning (Berger & Jordan, 1992;Patalano & Seifert, 1997). And, leaders, in thinking about crises, must, ultimately, formulate a plan.…”

Leadership skills and the group performance: Situational demands, behavioral requirements, and planning

“…Generation of the mental simulations that provide a basis for planning appears to be based on cases or contextualized incidents of prior performance (Berger & Jordan, 1992;Hammond, 1990;Hershey, Walsh, Read, & Chulef, 1990). The cases used in planning are selected based on environmental demands and relevant goals.…”

Leader errors and the influence on performance: An investigation of differing levels of impact

“…This information found in the "library" and how it is then used influences decisions that are made. Therefore decision making occurring during leaders planning processes is relevant in the discussion of errors (Berger & Jordan, 1992;Hammond, 1990;Hershey, Walsh, Read, & Chulef, 1990;Mumford, Schultz, & Osburn, 2002) and appropriate for the focus of this study.…”

“…We have chosen to look at errors in the context of planning and decision making, applying a case-based reasoning model because cases are necessary to developing a plan (Berger & Jordan, 1992;Patalano & Seifert, 1997) and it is often during the planning process that decisions are made and errors can occur (Mumford, Friedrich, Caughron & Byrne, 2007).…”